Examining Specific Deterrence Effects on DWI Among Serious Offenders

Bouffard, Jeff; Niebuhr, Nicole; Exum, M. Lyn

doi:10.1177/0011128716675359

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…We also did not collect or assess whether individuals had a history of DWI or being stopped in suspicion of impaired driving. However, previous studies suggested prior DWI or impaired driving consequences have relatively little impact on related perceptions or behaviors (Bouffard et al, 2017; McCarthy et al, 2005). Although we were able to classify most individuals into either compensatory or non-compensatory strategy use, future research should consider additional decision strategies to reduce the number of unclassified individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Decision strategies while intoxicated relate to alcohol-impaired driving attitudes and intentions.

McMullin¹,

Motschman²,

Hatz³

et al. 2022

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Objective: Approximately 28 million individuals engage in alcohol-impaired driving (AID) every year. This study investigated individuals' AID decision making strategies under intoxication, their variability across the breath alcohol concentration curve (BrAC), and the association between strategy and AID attitudes and intentions. Method: 79 adults (23.9 years, 57% women) who drank alcohol ≥2 days per week and lived >2 miles away from their typical drinking locations completed an alcohol administration protocol and AID decision making task.AID attitudes, intentions, and behaviors were assessed repeatedly across the BrAC curve.Bayesian cognitive modeling identified decision strategies used by individuals on the AID decision making task, revealing whether alcohol consumption level and/or ride service cost factored into individuals' decisions to drive while impaired or obtain a ride. Additional analyses tested whether AID attitudes and intentions were related to individuals' decision strategies.Results: Two decision strategies were examined on the ascending and descending limb of the BrAC curve: compensatory (both consumption level and ride service cost factored into AID decisions) and non-compensatory (only consumption level factored into AID decisions).Switching to a compensatory strategy on the descending limb was associated with lower perceived intoxication, perceiving AID as less dangerous, and being willing to drive above the legal BrAC limit. Conclusions: Results suggest that risk for engaging in AID is higher for those using a cost-sensitive, compensatory strategy when making AID decisions under intoxication.Future research is needed to test whether AID countermeasures (e.g., subsidized ride services) are differentially effective according to decision strategy type.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Decision strategies while intoxicated relate to alcohol-impaired driving attitudes and intentions.

McMullin¹,

Motschman²,

Hatz³

et al. 2022

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the case of alcohol-related crashes, though rationality is affected by alcohol, a decision is being made. Not to cause harm but simply, perhaps to get home (see Bouffard & Exum, 2013; Bouffard, Niebuhr, & Exum, 2017).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

It Is More Than Just Alcohol: A Criminological Perspective on Routine Drinking Activities, Opportunity, and Alcohol-Related Crashes

Stringer

White

Gainey

et al. 2019

Journal of Drug Issues

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This project expands on the “routine drinking activities” perspective by examining alcohol outlets, alcohol-related crashes, and theoretically derived contextual measures. Using census tract–level data from two U.S. cities, we draw on the prevention literature and routine activities theory to develop measures of alcohol availability and context. Spatially lagged regression models examined both direct and conditional relationships between alcohol outlets and alcohol-related crashes. Results indicate that the alcohol outlet and crash relationship was moderated by contextual factors (e.g., driving under the influence [DUI] enforcement and environmental hazards). Thus, alcohol availability may be just a part of a broader community system that affects the opportunity for alcohol-related crashes to occur.

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“…This is especially true for drivers with very high alcohol levels for whom the external costs are higher, since such cases are more likely to lead to severe injuries or deaths. However, Bouffard, Niebuhr, and Exum [20] show that there is not always a deterrence effect of higher sentences for this type of crime. Other authors have expressed contrasting views about the effectiveness of prison sentences in the past.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Effects of Increasing Penalties in Drunk Driving Laws—Evidence from Chile

García-Echalar

Rau

2020

IJERPH

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This paper analyzes Chile’s drunk driving laws and their effects on car crashes, injuries, and deaths. There were two policy changes. While the 2012 law increased license suspension penalties and decreased the legal blood alcohol limits for drivers, the 2014 law only increased sanctions, including at least one year of actual imprisonment for drunk driving implicated in car crashes with severe injury or death. We use a rich data set of countrywide administrative records that permit us to identify direct measures of alcohol-related accidents, including fatalities and injuries. We also have access to blood alcohol tests to assess whether the laws affected drivers’ alcohol consumption. Using count data models and a rich set of covariates, including police stops and gasoline sales, we find a short-run decrease in accidents and injuries for the 2012 law and a sustained decline in these outcomes for the 2014 law. Neither intervention has an effect on deaths. There is a marginal decline in alcohol consumption after the enactment of both legal changes. However, while the 2012 law only affects male drivers, the 2014 law affects both males and females. No reductions in alcohol intake are found for heavy drinkers.

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Examining Specific Deterrence Effects on DWI Among Serious Offenders

Cited by 14 publications

References 51 publications

Decision strategies while intoxicated relate to alcohol-impaired driving attitudes and intentions.

Decision strategies while intoxicated relate to alcohol-impaired driving attitudes and intentions.

It Is More Than Just Alcohol: A Criminological Perspective on Routine Drinking Activities, Opportunity, and Alcohol-Related Crashes

The Effects of Increasing Penalties in Drunk Driving Laws—Evidence from Chile

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