Examining primate community occurrence patterns in agroforest landscapes using arboreal and terrestrial camera traps

Bersacola, Elena; Hill, Catherine M.; Nijman, Vincent; Hockings, Kimberley J.

doi:10.1007/s10980-022-01524-7

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Recent work has revealed that a large percentage of forest cover remains across the habitat matrix, but these forest areas are highly fragmented and interspersed with cultivated land. Areas cleared for agriculture often have remnant forest edges that together with fallow land and orchards can work as corridors for some wildlife [38] (figure 1). Data collection took place in four neighbouring unhabituated chimpanzee communities at CNP: Caiquene-Cadique, Lautchandé, Madina and Cambeque, over the course of 23 consecutive months (February 2017–December 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We identified different communities based on previous research, including genetic studies, local knowledge and the presence of natural and anthropogenic barriers (e.g. villages, roads, rivers and estuary branches that form small peninsulas) [38,39,[43][44][45][46]. The size of each community's ranging area was estimated using minimum convex polygons: Caiquene-Cadique 14. royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsos R. Soc.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present study aims to fill these gaps by being the first to explore cultural variation between neighbouring chimpanzee communities inhabiting Cantanhez National Park (CNP), Guinea-Bissau. CNP is thought to be home to approximately 10-12 chimpanzee communities [38] inhabiting a mosaic of habitats. Bessa et al [39] studied the feeding ecology of the chimpanzee community of Caiquene-Cadique in CNP for nine consecutive months, where apart from the use of leaf sponges, a universal chimpanzee behavioural trait, no other type of tool use was confirmed (unpublished data).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inter-community behavioural variation confirmed through indirect methods in four neighbouring chimpanzee communities in Cantanhez NP, Guinea-Bissau

2022

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Culture, while long viewed as exclusively human, has now been demonstrated across diverse taxa and contexts. However, most animal culture data are constrained to well-studied, habituated groups. This is the case for chimpanzees, arguably the most ‘cultural’ non-human species. While much progress has been made charting wild chimpanzees' cultural repertoire, large gaps remain in our knowledge of the majority of the continent's chimpanzees. Furthermore, few studies have compared neighbouring communities, despite such comparisons providing the strongest evidence for culture, and few have studied communities living in anthropogenic habitats although their culture is in imminent danger of disappearing. Here we combine direct, indirect and remote methods, including camera traps, to study, over 2 years, four unhabituated neighbouring chimpanzee communities inhabiting human-impacted habitats in Cantanhez NP, Guinea-Bissau. From traces collected during 1089 km of reconnaissance walks and 4197 videos from 56 camera trap locations, we identified 18 putative cultural traits. These included some noteworthy novel behaviours for these communities, and behaviours possibly new to the species. We created preliminary behavioural profiles for each community, and found inter-community differences spanning tool use, communication, and social behaviour, demonstrating the importance of comparing neighbouring communities and of studying previously neglected communities including those inhabiting anthropogenic landscapes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inter-community behavioural variation confirmed through indirect methods in four neighbouring chimpanzee communities in Cantanhez NP, Guinea-Bissau

2022

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Ethnoprimatology reveals new extended distribution of critically endangered banded langur Presbytis femoralis (Martin, 1838) in Pahang, Malaysia: Insights from indigenous traditional knowledge and molecular analysis

Haris,

Othman,

Kaviarasu

et al. 2024

American J Primatol

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The banded langur (Presbytis femoralis) is a critically endangered primate, restricted to Johor, Malaysia, with an estimated population size of less than 500 individuals. Traditionally, distribution studies on this highly threatened primate have relied on conventional methods such as DNA identification, live counting, and camera trapping. However, ethnoprimatology offers an alternative approach to data collection, involving the active participation of indigenous and local communities possessing valuable knowledge and experience with local primate species. This study employed an integrated approach incorporating ethnoprimatology by utilizing pooled local expert opinion, local surveys, interviews, and fecal DNA analysis, resulting in a novel distribution range for the banded langur. The combination of expert opinions revealed this species' most optimistic distribution scenario across Johor and Pahang, inhabiting various ecosystems, including lowland forests, peat swamps, and human‐modified landscapes. Further interviews and surveys conducted within the Orang Asli community in Tasik Chini and Tasek Bera have provided additional support for the revised distribution, documenting occurrences of banded langur utilization in indigenous practices, such as food consumption, cultural beliefs, medicinal applications, and craftsmanship. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated genetic differentiation between populations in Johor and Pahang, with the populations in the southern part of Peninsular Malaysia likely serving as ancestral sources for other populations. Consequently, this study not only elucidated the updated distribution of banded langur through DNA records and direct observations but also established the efficacy of ethnoprimatology as a precursory tool for uncovering the present distribution patterns of other primate species in Malaysia.

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Failure to account for behavioral variability significantly compromises accuracy in indirect population monitoring

Wessling

Surbeck

2021

Preprint

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Wildlife population monitoring depends on accurate counts of individual animals or artefacts of behavior (e.g., nests or dung), but also must account for potential biases in the likelihood to encounter these animals or artefacts. In indirect surveying, which depends largely upon artefacts of behavior, likelihood to encounter indirect signs of a species is derived from both artefact production and decay. Although environmental context as well as behavior contribute to artefact abundance, variability in behaviors relevant to artefact abundance is rarely considered in population estimation. Here we demonstrate how ignoring behavioral variability contributes to overestimation of population size of a highly endangered great ape endemic only to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the bonobo (Pan paniscus). Variability in decay of signs of bonobo presence (i.e., nests) is well documented and linked to environmental determinants. Conversely, a single metric of sign production (i.e., nest construction) is commonly used to estimate bonobo density, assumed to be representative of bonobo nest behavior across all contexts. We estimated nest construction rates from three bonobo groups within the Kokolopori Bonobo Reserve and found that nest construction rates in bonobos to be highly variable across populations as well as seasonal within populations. Failure to account for behavioral variability in nest construction leads to potentially severe degradation in accuracy of bonobo population estimates of abundance, accounting for a likely overestimation of bonobo numbers by 34%, and in the worst cases as high as 80% overestimation. Using bonobo nesting as an example, we demonstrate that failure to account for inter- and intra-population behavioral variation compromises our ability to monitor population change or reliably compare contributors to population decline or persistence. We argue that variation in sign production is but one of several potential ways that behavioral variability can affect conservation monitoring, should be measured across contexts whenever possible, and must be considered in population estimation confidence intervals. With increasing attention to behavioral variability as a potential tool for conservation, conservationists must also account for the impact that behavioral variability across time, space, individuals, and populations can play upon precision and accuracy of wildlife population estimation.

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Examining primate community occurrence patterns in agroforest landscapes using arboreal and terrestrial camera traps

Cited by 4 publications

References 56 publications

Inter-community behavioural variation confirmed through indirect methods in four neighbouring chimpanzee communities in Cantanhez NP, Guinea-Bissau

Inter-community behavioural variation confirmed through indirect methods in four neighbouring chimpanzee communities in Cantanhez NP, Guinea-Bissau

Ethnoprimatology reveals new extended distribution of critically endangered banded langur Presbytis femoralis (Martin, 1838) in Pahang, Malaysia: Insights from indigenous traditional knowledge and molecular analysis

Failure to account for behavioral variability significantly compromises accuracy in indirect population monitoring

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