Examining Population Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: All-Cause, Pneumonia and Influenza, and Road Traffic Deaths in Taiwan

Gao, Wayne; Sanna, Mattia; Huang, Garry; Hefler, Marita; Tsai, Min Kuang; Wen, Chi Pang

doi:10.7326/m20-7788

Cited by 11 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Yun et al reported 22% decline in IPD incidence in South Korea where severe lockdowns were not implemented but major outbreaks occurred in cities like Daegu and Seoul [14]. Recently, Gao et al reported from Taiwan that the adjusted pneumonia and influenza mortality rate in 2020 was significantly lower than that in 2019 [15]. Since nasopharyngeal colonization with pneumococci precedes IPD, the main limitation of this study was that the NP carriage status in children and adults was not determined during the pandemic.…”

Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 83%

Serotype transmission dynamics and reduced incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by different serotypes after implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions during COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2021

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Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 83%

Serotype transmission dynamics and reduced incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by different serotypes after implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions during COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2021

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“…https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268821001850 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 44.224.250.200, on 09 Aug 2021 at 00:22:53, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at not have an influenza season perhaps due to social distancing and wearing of masks [13]. This seems to have been a global phenomenon as not a single case of influenza was reported in England in 2021 and a lower case rate was also reported for the U.S. [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As discussed in [ 12 ], the experience with Ebola, Middle East respiratory syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) meant that several Asian and African nations, including Taiwan, had systems in place to mitigate the severity of the pandemic. Other authors reported that the adjusted pneumonia and influenza mortality rates in 2020 in Taiwan were significantly lower than the 2019 rate and a deviation from the overall increasing trend since 2008 [ 13 ]. These authors concluded that the low pneumonia and influenza mortality rates in 2020 suggested that mask wearing, physical distancing and restricting large social events may have had a positive spill over effect reducing total mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using WHO data for six countries in the southern hemisphere: Australia, Argentina, South Africa, Paraguay, New Zealand and Chile, the total number of influenza tests fell by just 20%, while the proportion of positive tests reached record lows [ 14 ]. This indicates these countries did not have an influenza season perhaps due to social distancing and wearing of masks [ 13 ]. This seems to have been a global phenomenon as not a single case of influenza was reported in England in 2021 and a lower case rate was also reported for the U.S. [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Covid-19, non-Covid-19 and excess mortality rates not comparable across countries

Kelly

Petti²,

Noah

2021

Epidemiol. Infect.

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Evidence that more people in some countries and fewer in others are dying because of the pandemic, than is reflected by reported coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) mortality rates, is derived from mortality data. Using publicly available databases, deaths attributed to Covid-19 in 2020 and all deaths for the years 2015–2020 were tabulated for 35 countries together with economic, health, demographic and government response stringency index variables. Residual mortality rates (RMR) in 2020 were calculated as excess mortality minus reported mortality rates due to Covid-19 where excess deaths were observed deaths in 2020 minus the average for 2015–2019. Differences in RMR are differences not attributed to reported Covid-19. For about half the countries, RMR's were negative and for half, positive. The absolute rates in some countries were double those in others. In a regression analysis, population density and proportion of female smokers were positively associated with both Covid-19 and excess mortality while the human development index and proportion of male smokers were negatively associated with both. RMR was not associated with any of the investigated variables. The results show that published data on mortality from Covid-19 cannot be directly comparable across countries. This may be due to differences in Covid-19 death reporting and in addition, the unprecedented public health measures implemented to control the pandemic may have produced either increased or reduced excess deaths due to other diseases. Further data on cause-specific mortality is required to determine the extent to which residual mortality represents non-Covid-19 deaths and to explain differences between countries.

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“…As discussed in [12], the experience with Ebola, MERS, and SARS meant that several Asian and African nations, including Taiwan, had systems in place to mitigate the severity of the pandemic. Other authors reported the adjusted pneumonia and influenza mortality rates in 2020 in Taiwan were significantly lower than the 2019 rate and a deviation from the overall increasing trend since 2008 [13]. These authors concluded that the low pneumonia and influenza mortality rates in 2020 suggested that mask wearing, physical distancing, and restricting large social events may have had a positive spill over effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covid-19, non-Covid-19 and excess mortality rates not comparable across countries

Kelly

Petti²,

Noah

2021

Preprint

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Evidence that more people in some countries and fewer in others are dying because of the pandemic, than is reflected by reported Covid-19 mortality rates, is derived from mortality data. Worldwide, mortality data is used to estimate the full extent of the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, both direct and indirect; the possible short fall in the number of cases reported to the WHO; and to suggest explanations for differences between countries. Excess mortality data is largely varying across countries and is not directly proportional to Covid-19 mortality. Using publicly available databases, deaths attributed to Covid-19 in 2020 and all deaths for the years 2015-2020 were tabulated for 36 countries together with economic, health, demographic, and government response stringency index variables. Residual death rates in 2020 were calculated as excess deaths minus death rates due to Covid-19 where excess deaths were observed deaths in 2020 minus the average for 2015-2019. For about half the countries, residual deaths were negative and for half, positive. The absolute rates in some countries were double those in others. In a regression analysis, the stringency index (p=0.026) was positively associated with residual mortality. There was no evidence of spatial clustering of residual mortality. The results show that published data on mortality from Covid-19 cannot be directly comparable across countries, likely due to differences in Covid-19 death reporting. In addition, the unprecedented public health measures implemented to control the pandemic may have produced either increased or reduced excess deaths due to other diseases. Further data on cause-specific mortality is required to determine the extent to which residual mortality represents non-Covid-19 deaths and to explain differences between countries.

show abstract

Examining Population Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: All-Cause, Pneumonia and Influenza, and Road Traffic Deaths in Taiwan

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Serotype transmission dynamics and reduced incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by different serotypes after implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions during COVID-19 pandemic

Serotype transmission dynamics and reduced incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by different serotypes after implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions during COVID-19 pandemic

Covid-19, non-Covid-19 and excess mortality rates not comparable across countries

Covid-19, non-Covid-19 and excess mortality rates not comparable across countries

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