Examining Pathways of Childhood Maltreatment and Emotional Dysregulation Using Self-Compassion

Reffi, Anthony N.; Boykin, Derrecka M.

doi:10.1080/10926771.2018.1485810

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Specifically, self-kindness mediated the path from ACEs to PTSD and DSO symptoms as we predicted. These results reflect the study of Reffi, Boykin, and Orcutt (2019) who also found that Individuals who have been maltreated in childhood showed a lower degree of self-kindness, which may result affect dysregulation. Our findings support Gilbert's social mentality theory (Gilbert, 2005) and stress-vulnerability model (Masten & Garmezy, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The relationship between childhood adversities and complex posttraumatic stress symptoms: a multiple mediation model

Guo

Huang

Hall

et al. 2021

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: There is a growing research literature on complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), yet studies that focused on Chinese populations are still limited. Accumulating evidence showed that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with a higher likelihood of CPTSD symptoms, but potential mediating roles of self-kindness and selfjudgement on the ACEs-CPTSD relationship remain understudied. Objective: The purpose of this study was to first examine the relationship between ACEs and CPTSD among Chinese college students, and then to test the mediating role of self-kindness and self-judgement on the ACEs-CPTSD relationship. Method: The study included 1361 college students for an online survey in May 2020. Demographic variables (e.g. age, gender, having sibling[s] or not, residence, family structure, and subjective socioeconomic status), ACEs, self-compassion (self-kindness and self-judgement subscales), and CPTSD symptoms were assessed. After controlling for demographic variables, a series of structural equation models tested the mediation hypothesis: indirect effects of selfkindness and self-judgement on the relationship between ACEs and CPTSD symptom. Results: ACEs of College students were positively associated with more severe CPTSD symptoms (posttraumatic stress disorder and disturbances in self-organization symptoms). Furthermore, these direct pathways were mediated by decreased self-kindness and increased self-judgement. Conclusions: Findings have substantial theoretical and treatment implications, including the two critical targets (i.e. lowering self-judgement and raising self-kindness) when treating complex PTSD. La relación entre las adversidades en la infancia y los síntomas de estrés postraumático complejo: un modelo de mediación múltipleAntecedentes: existe una creciente literatura de investigación sobre el trastorno de estrés postraumático complejo (TEPT-C), sin embargo, los estudios centrados en la población China aún son limitados. La evidencia acumulada mostró que las experiencias adversas de la infancia (ACEs en sus siglas en inglés) están asociadas con una mayor probabilidad de síntomas de TEPT-C, pero los posibles roles mediadores de la bondad hacia uno mismo y auto-juicio propio en la relación ACE-TEPT-C siguen siendo poco estudiados. Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue examinar primero la relación entre ACE y TEPT-C entre estudiantes universitarios chinos, y luego probar el papel mediador de la bondad y el auto-juicio en la relación ACE-TEPT-C. Método: El estudio incluyó a 1361 estudiantes universitarios para una encuesta en línea en mayo del 2020. Variables demográficas (por ejemplo, edad, sexo, tener hermanos o no, residencia, estructura familiar y estatus socioeconómico subjetivo), ACE, autocompasión (subescalas de auto-bondad y auto-juicio), y se evaluaron los síntomas de TEPT-C. Después de controlar las variables demográficas, una serie de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales probaron la hipótesis de la mediación: los efectos indirectos de la bondad personal y el ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The relationship between childhood adversities and complex posttraumatic stress symptoms: a multiple mediation model

Guo

Huang

Hall

et al. 2021

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…Scoglio et al () reversed the constructs and found that emotion regulation also mediated the relationship between PTSD and self‐compassion. Some studies also looked at the mediating effects of self‐compassion, finding that it partially mediated relationships between the following: social support and PTSD (Maheux & Price, ), childhood maltreatment and ER (Reffi, Boykin, & Orcutt, ), and emotional abuse and depression (Wu, Chi, Lin, & Du, ). One study also found that self‐compassion partially mediated the relationship between distress and well‐being for a sample of men who had experienced maltreatment in childhood and controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐compassion, trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review

Winders

Murphy

Looney

et al. 2020

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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Self-compassion has emerged as an important construct in the mental health literature. Although conceptual links between self-compassion and trauma are apparent, a review has not been completed to examine whether this association is supported by empirical research findings. To systematically summarize knowledge on the association between trauma and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and self-compassion. Searches were conducted in PsycINFO, PubMed, Ovid Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and PILOTS databases, and papers reporting a direct analysis on the relationship between these constructs were identified. The search yielded 35 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Despite considerable heterogeneity in study design, sample, measurement, and trauma type, there was consistent evidence to suggest that increased self-compassion is associated with less PTSD symptomatology and some evidence to suggest that reduced fear of self-compassion is associated with less PTSD symptomatology. There was tentative evidence to suggest that interventions based, in part or whole, on a self-compassion model potentially reduce PTSD symptoms. Although findings are positive for the association between increased selfcompassion and reduced PTSD symptoms, the precise mechanism of these protective effects is unknown. Prospective and longitudinal studies would be beneficial in clarifying this. The review also highlighted the variability in what is and should be referred to as trauma exposure, indicating the need for further research to clarify the concept. K E Y W O R D Sself-compassion, fear of self-compassion, trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, review

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“…Childhood maltreatment brings about many upsetting, traumatic experiences, which are well documented risks for emotional distress and later mental health problems (Edalati et al, 2019; Li et al, 2020a , b ; Spinhoven et al, 2016 ), and relatedly problems with regulation of emotions and psychological inflexibility (Caldwell et al, 2014 ; Reffi et al, 2019 ; Coates & Messman-Moore, 2014 ; Boykin et al, 2018 ). Given the broadness of the adverse effects related with maltreatment, it is essential to determine the mechanisms by which these negative outcomes reflect on negative affect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood maltreatment and emotional distress: The role of beliefs about emotion and psychological inflexibility

Taşören

2022

Curr Psychol

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The current study aimed to investigate the mediating role of negative beliefs about emotion and psychological inflexibility on the relationship between childhood maltreatment and emotional distress. A total of 519 participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), the Leahy Emotional Schema Scale II (LESS-II), and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II). All scales were significantly correlated. Two mediation analyses were tested. In the first model negative beliefs about emotion and psychological inflexibility mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and emotional distress measured by DASS-21 total score. In the second model, negative beliefs about emotion and psychological inflexibility mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression, anxiety, and stress measured by the subscales of DASS-21. Results suggest that maltreatment in childhood is associated with the individuals’ approaches, plans and strategies in response to emotions, and psychological inflexibility which together further determine emotional distress.

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Examining Pathways of Childhood Maltreatment and Emotional Dysregulation Using Self-Compassion

Cited by 17 publications

References 75 publications

The relationship between childhood adversities and complex posttraumatic stress symptoms: a multiple mediation model

The relationship between childhood adversities and complex posttraumatic stress symptoms: a multiple mediation model

Self‐compassion, trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review

Childhood maltreatment and emotional distress: The role of beliefs about emotion and psychological inflexibility

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