“…Despite these significant contributions, critical omissions in the literature need to be addressed to advance this line of research theoretically and empirically. First, several scholars have contended that formal control mechanisms are deficient in handling the environmental issues, which are intricate and unethical in nature (Barnett et al, 2005; Boiral et al, 2015; Saeed et al, 2018; Testa et al, 2018; Wang et al, 2018; Tuan, 2019; Woosnam et al, 2019). Instead, environmental issues can be addressed through employees’ discretionary ethical and altruistic efforts (e.g., Robertson and Barling, 2013, 2017; Afsar et al, 2016; Saeed et al, 2018; Testa et al, 2018).…”