Examining Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Exercise Goals: Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Outcomes

Sebire, Simon J; Standage, Martyn; Vansteenkiste, Maarten

doi:10.1123/jsep.31.2.189

Cited by 244 publications

(226 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(86 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

183

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In line with this, work-related extrinsic, relative to intrinsic, goal pursuit related to more short-lived satisfaction, as assessed with an item like "The good feelings I experience after realizing a particular work goal are quickly followed by feelings of emptiness and disappointment" . Yet, over the longer run, extrinsic goals interfere with genuine need satisfaction (e.g., Sebire, Standage, & Vansteenkiste, 2009) and wellbeing (e.g., .…”

Section: Maladaptive Mechanisms To Cope With Need Frustrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

On psychological growth and vulnerability: Basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration as a unifying principle.

Vansteenkiste

Ryan

2013

Journal of Psychotherapy Integration

Self Cite

1,400

143

1,432

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Humans have a potential for growth, integration, and well-being, while also being vulnerable to defensiveness, aggression, and ill-being. Self-Determination Theory (Ryan & Deci, 2000b) argues that satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness both fosters immediate well being and strengthens inner resources contributing to subsequent resilience, whereas need frustration evokes ill-being and increased vulnerabilities for defensiveness and psychopathology. We briefly review recent research indicating how contextual need support and the experience of need satisfaction promote well-being and different growth manifestations (e.g., intrinsic motivation, internalization), as well as a rapidly growing body of work relating need thwarting and need frustration to ill-being, pursuit of need substitutes, and various forms of maladaptive functioning. Finally, we discuss research on differences in autonomous self-regulation and mindfulness, which serve as factors of resilience.

show abstract

Section: Maladaptive Mechanisms To Cope With Need Frustrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stronger investment in extrinsic goals has been related to a number of intrapersonal outcomes, including anxiety (e.g., Sebire, Standage, & Vansteenkiste, 2009), physical symptoms (e.g., ) and drug use (e.g., Williams, Cox, Hedberg, & Deci 2000).…”

Section: Maladaptive Mechanisms To Cope With Need Frustrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On psychological growth and vulnerability: Basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration as a unifying principle.

Vansteenkiste

Ryan

2013

Journal of Psychotherapy Integration

Self Cite

1,400

143

1,432

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, to guarantee the parity of the number of items of each factor, the final model result in a structure of 5 factors and 20 items that, according to the authors, adjusted excellently to the data (χ² = 301.14; df = 160; CFI =.97; SRMR = .05; RMSEA= .05; RMSEA 90%CI = .04-.06). In the same study, a second order model with two factors was tested: intrinsic goals (health management, skills development and social affiliation) and two extrinsic factors (image and social recognition), that show similar results to The CGEQ has been used in several studies in last years, for example, Sebire, Standage, and Vansteenkiste (2009) in a study conducted with 410 adults (M= 41.39 e SD=11.02), concluded that the content of most intrinsic goals positively predicted cognitive, affective and behavioural adaptation to exercise, and also identified the effects of most intrinsic goals on physical selfesteem and on psychological well-being. In another study, Sebire, Standage, and Vansteenkiste (2011), using a sample of 101 adults (M = 38.79 years; SD = 11.5), analyse the predictive effect of goal content on physical activity, and the results show no correlations between intrinsic goals and physical activity behaviour, however, through an analysis of the mediating effect of autonomous motivation, they concluded that goal content may predict individuals' physical activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Goal Content for Exercise Questionnaire (GCEQ) for a sample of elderly Portuguese people

Antunes¹,

Couto²,

Monteiro³

et al. 2017

motricidade

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

According Sebire, Standage and Vansteenkiste (2008), goals contents (motives) are the major drivers of behavior, giving rise to the goal content theory, which is in the basis of Goal Content for Exercise Questionnaire (GCEQ: Sebire et al., 2008) development. So, the main goal of present study was to conduct the validation of GCEQ for a sample of Portuguese elderly (n = 311), with equal or higher ages than 60 years old (M = 68.53; DP = 6.69). The main results show us that CGEQ measurement model (5 factors, 20 items) only present adequate fit to data after the elimination of 3 items: S-Bχ²=219.9, df=109, p=.001, SRMR=.049, TLI=.916, CFI=.934, RMSEA=.057, RMSEA 90% CI=.046-.068, PCFI=.747). Besides that, the 5 factors show us acceptable values of composite reliability: between .76 and .88. Those findings allow us to conclude that GCEQ with 5 factors and 17 items can be used to measure goal content in a population of elderly Portuguese people in physical activity domain.

show abstract

“…This is clear to see when Biddle ([45], p. 82) states: "We will never resolve this issue since people will 'feel good' after exercise they prefer, and feel 'less good' after exercise that is not to their liking." Isolated studies have already shown different effects depending on intrinsic versus extrinsic exercise goals [67], activity-versus purpose-related incentives [68], intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation toward an activity [69], or choice of exercise mode [70,71].…”

Section: Inclusion Of Person Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective well-being and exercise in the second half of life: a critical review of theoretical approaches

Lehnert

Sudeck

Conzelmann

2012

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Research has shown repeatedly that the "feeling better" effect of exercise is far more moderate than generally claimed. Examinations of subgroups in secondary analyses also indicate that numerous further variables influence this relationship. One reason for inconsistencies in this research field is the lack of adequate theoretical analyses. Well-being output variables frequently possess no construct definition, and little attention is paid to moderating and mediating variables. This article integrates the main models in an overview and analyzes how secondary analyses define well-being and which areas of the construct they focus on. It then applies a moderator and/or mediator framework to examine which person and environmental variables can be found in the existing explanatory approaches in sport science and how they specify the influence of these moderating and mediating variables. Results show that the broad understanding of well-being in many secondary analyses makes findings difficult to interpret. Moreover, physiological explanatory approaches focus more on affective changes in well-being, whereas psychological approaches also include cognitive changes. The approaches focus mostly on either physical or psychological person variables and rarely combine the two, as in, for example, the dual-mode model. Whereas environmental variables specifying the treatment more closely (e.g., its intensity) are comparatively frequent, only the social support model formulates variables such as the framework in which exercise is presented. The majority of explanatory approaches use simple moderator and/or mediator models such as the basic mediated (e.g., distraction hypothesis) or multiple mediated (e.g., monoamine hypotheses) model. The discussion draws conclusions for future research.Keywords Well-being . Exercise . Mediation . Moderation . Explanatory approaches Everyday assumptions about the effects of exercise on wellbeing are unanimously positive-as numerous popular science books confirm with promising titles such as The aerobics programs for total well-being [1] or Life skills: 225 ready-to-use health activities for success and well-being [2]. Even in the early years of scientific research in this field, few would have disagreed with the statement that "the 'feeling better' sensation that accompanies regular physical activity is so obvious that it is one of the few universally accepted benefits of exercise" ([3], p. 306). Nonetheless, a host of primary studies carried out between 1960 and the mid-1990s delivered no unequivocal confirmation of this hypothesis. As a result, studies since the 1990s have increasingly been integrated and compared in both narrative (e.g., [4,5]) and meta-analytic reviews (e.g., [6,7]).In contrast to popular science claims, quantitative secondary analyses reveal that the overall effects on (subjective) well-being (SWB) 1 are not only small but also show a great deal of variation. For example, McAuley and Rudolph ([8], p. 68) have written: "Although many studies extol the almost intui...

show abstract

Examining Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Exercise Goals: Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Outcomes

Cited by 244 publications

References 62 publications

On psychological growth and vulnerability: Basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration as a unifying principle.

On psychological growth and vulnerability: Basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration as a unifying principle.

Validation of the Goal Content for Exercise Questionnaire (GCEQ) for a sample of elderly Portuguese people

Subjective well-being and exercise in the second half of life: a critical review of theoretical approaches

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About