Examining influential drivers of private well users' perceptions in Ontario: A cross-sectional population study

Lavallee, Sarah; Hynds, Paul; Brown, R. Stephen; Schuster‐Wallace, Corinne J.; Dickson‐Anderson, Sarah; Pelino, Stephanie Di; Egan, Rylan; Majury, Anna

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142952

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The directness of this relationship likely results from well testing being seen as a single, more familiar maintenance action (in contrast to post‐EWE actions). Well users who have previously tested their well once or sparingly have been shown to display a false sense of security (Imgrund et al., 2011; Lavallee et al., 2021). As such, the role of confidence is this instance may be misplaced and based on little empiric evidence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The survey followed a structured, standardized format and was adapted from the KAP (knowledge, attitudes, and practice) model (Warwick, 1983). The KAP model seeks to examine interrelationships between attitudes, beliefs, and practices and has been previously used to investigate private well user behaviors (Lavallee et al., 2021). The KAP model was selected to ensure comprehensiveness of question types and comparability with prior research (e.g., Lavallee et al., 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The KAP model seeks to examine interrelationships between attitudes, beliefs, and practices and has been previously used to investigate private well user behaviors (Lavallee et al., 2021). The KAP model was selected to ensure comprehensiveness of question types and comparability with prior research (e.g., Lavallee et al., 2021). The model was neither used for the purpose of specific theory validation nor adhered to strictly, with self‐efficacy, risk perception, and concern examined in addition to the three dimensions of KAP.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protocols were based, in part, on a previous scoring framework developed by Lavallee et al. (2021), which encompassed multiple aspects of supply maintenance and contamination risk. Relevant questions were assigned as “domains,” with scores appended to individual response categories to form a maximum total and enable characterization of respondents based on scaled (standardized) scores.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral pathways to private well risk mitigation: A structural equation modeling approach

et al. 2022

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Complex, multihazard risks such as private groundwater contamination necessitate multiannual risk reduction actions including seasonal, weather-based hazard evaluations. In the Republic of Ireland (ROI), high rural reliance on unregulated private wells renders behavior promotion a vital instrument toward safeguarding household health from waterborne infection. However, to date, pathways between behavioral predictors remain unknown while latent constructs such as extreme weather event (EWE) risk perception and self-efficacy (perceived behavioral competency) have yet to be sufficiently explored. Accordingly, a nationwide survey of 560 Irish private well owners was conducted, with structural equation modeling (SEM) employed to identify underlying relationships determining key supply management behaviors. The pathway analysis (SEM) approach was used to model three binary outcomes: information seeking, post-EWE action, and well testing behavior. Upon development of optimal models, perceived self-efficacy emerged as a significant direct and/or indirect driver of all three behavior types-demonstrating the greatest indirect effect (β = −0.057) on adoption of post-EWE actions and greatest direct (β = 0.222) and total effect (β = 0.245) on supply testing. Perceived self-efficacy inversely influenced EWE risk perception in all three models but positively influenced supply awareness (where present). Notably, the presence of a vulnerable (infant and/or elderly) household member negatively influenced adoption of post-EWE actions (β = −0.131, p = 0.016). Results suggest that residential and age-related factors constitute key demographic variables influencing risk mitigation and are strongly mediated by cognitive variables-particularly self-efficacy. Study findings may help contextualize predictors of private water supply management, providing a basis for future risk-based water interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral pathways to private well risk mitigation: A structural equation modeling approach

et al. 2022

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“…The primary data set was developed using four sections derived from a cross‐sectional questionnaire developed and employed as part of a larger overall investigation into levels of awareness, attitudes, risk perceptions, and beliefs among private well users in Ontario (Lavallee et al., 2020). The survey was initiated and distributed online and hosted on Acuity4 Survey (Voxco ™ ), an online survey platform, during the four‐month period May–August, 2018.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking Water Consumption Patterns among Private Well Users in Ontario: Implications for Exposure Assessment of Waterborne Infection

et al. 2021

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Understanding the water consumption patterns within a specific population informs development of increasingly accurate, spatially specific exposure and/or risk assessment of waterborne infection. The current study examined the consumption patterns of private well users in Ontario while considering potentially influential underlying sociodemographics, household characteristics, and experiential factors. A province‐wide online survey was circulated between May and August 2018 (n = 1,162). Overall, 81.5% of respondents reported daily well water consumption (i.e., tap water). Results indicate a mean daily well water consumption rate of 1,132 mL/day (SD = 649 mL/day) among well water consumers. Gender was significantly associated with well water consumption, with higher consumption rates found among female respondents. The experience of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) symptoms or diagnosis in the past 12 months did not impact the volume of water consumed, suggesting that experiencing previous AGI does not decrease consumption volumes, and therefore exposure over time. Significantly higher rates of well water consumption were found among respondents who reported previous testing or ongoing water treatment. Approximately 45.5% of survey respondents who stated that they do not consume well water selected bottled water as their primary household drinking water supply. Bottled water consumption was also not associated with previous AGI experiences. Findings will inform future quantitative microbial risk assessments associated with private well water use by providing spatially and demographically specific estimates of well water consumption.

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Sociohydrology: An Effective Way to Reveal the Coupled Evolution of Human and Water Systems

Sun

Wang

et al. 2021

Water Resour Manage

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Examining influential drivers of private well users' perceptions in Ontario: A cross-sectional population study

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

Behavioral pathways to private well risk mitigation: A structural equation modeling approach

Behavioral pathways to private well risk mitigation: A structural equation modeling approach

Drinking Water Consumption Patterns among Private Well Users in Ontario: Implications for Exposure Assessment of Waterborne Infection

Sociohydrology: An Effective Way to Reveal the Coupled Evolution of Human and Water Systems

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