Examining Fate and Transport of Heavy Metal in Landfill Site through Numerical Environmental Multimedia Modeling Approach

Dong, Jinxin; Chen, Zhi; Wang, Ke; Han, Yuechen; Guo, Jianbo

doi:10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001684

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 34 publications

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“…The use of the deterministic method to calculate the risk may also contribute to uncertainty. It can be reduced by using probabilistic methods such as Monte Carlo simulation for exposure input value in risk calculation [16]. On the other hand, this study was only conducted for the oral route of exposure, while dermal is also a possible route for BTEX exposure to humans [1,17].…”

Section: Risk Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health risk analysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) in groundwater in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

Juliani,

Rahmawati,

Bariroh

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene (BTEX) are persistent and bio-accumulative compounds that occur in petroleum-based products. Benzene is categorized as a carcinogenic substance while ethylbenzene is potentially carcinogenic. One of the sources of BTEX contamination in the environment is gas stations. The leakage of underground storage tanks (UST) of gas stations is a potential source of groundwater contamination, while in many areas, it is the main source of daily water consumption. The long-term consumption of this BTEX-contaminated groundwater may generate health risks. This paper will present the health risk analysis of the consumption of BTEX-contaminated groundwater taken from dug wells near a gas station in Yogyakarta City which has a history of major leakage. Analysis of BTEX in groundwater samples has been already presented in the previous study. Data for intake calculation was acquired through questionnaires and interviews on water consumption patterns. Risk analysis was conducted for both the carcinogenic effect of benzene and the non-carcinogenic effect for all BTEX compounds. Health risk analysis on BTEX exposure in groundwater resulted in the Hazard Quotient (HQ) value for all compounds which were still less than one, meanwhile, the Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) for benzene was less than 10-4. The result indicates the low health risk associated with the consumption of BTEX-contaminated groundwater in the study area.

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Section: Risk Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%