Examining Ethnography for Nurse Researchers

Aamodt, Agnes M.

doi:10.1177/019394598200400207

Cited by 45 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The use of self in ethnographic research dictates a high degree of reflexivity. Reflexivity refers to researchers being part of, rather than separated from the data and using self-awareness as a source of insight (Aamodt, 1982;Lipson, 1991). My decision to conduct this study is derived from both my personal experiences as an emergency department nurse and my professional concerns.…”

Section: The Researcher's Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shimahara (1984) identifies three paradigmatic premises which underlie the qualitative orientation of ethnography: (1) ethnographic research emphasizes the integration of particular events into a coherent and qualitatively meaningful pattern where the relationship of events is established, (2) cultural events are understood and categorized in terms of the cultural actor's definition of human events where attention is focused on how they define their reality, and (3) ethnographer's focus on ongoing settings in sociocultural contexts where events occur as human interaction takes place, these settings are natural in the sense that they are not contrived or modified by the observer. Aamodt (1982) provides a description of four assumptions of ethnographic research.…”

Section: Theoretical Foundations Of Ethnographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second assumption reads that cultural data derives from abstractions of behavior about what people do and what they say they do (Aamodt, 1982). Culture as a behavioral system and culture as a cognitive system represent two major theoretical approaches of Abstractions of this information are made by ethnographers who organize their view of cultural system in a form usable by members of the clinical nursing research community (Aamodt, 1982).…”

Section: Theoretical Foundations Of Ethnographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Culture as a behavioral system and culture as a cognitive system represent two major theoretical approaches of Abstractions of this information are made by ethnographers who organize their view of cultural system in a form usable by members of the clinical nursing research community (Aamodt, 1982).…”

Section: Theoretical Foundations Of Ethnographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third assumption states the ethnographers are active participants in both data collection and data analysis (Aamodt, 1982). Ethnographers incorporate the influence of their participation in what they are observing with the conceptual base of the investigation.…”

Section: Theoretical Foundations Of Ethnographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Ethnography of the Culture of Pain in a Non-Pediatric Emergency Department

Cummings¹

2013

Journal of Pediatric Health Care

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Rationale for the Study: Despite the exponential growth in pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods for the treatment of pediatric procedural pain there remains a gap between available interventions and actual practice in the emergency department clinical setting. Researchers have recommended the examination of unit culture since culture is proposed to be a major factor that affects the implementation of pain management practices. Method:Ethnography was employed to gain access to the beliefs and practices of healthcare participants in a Northeastern non-pediatric emergency department. Data were collected for 5 months with over 100 hours of observation. Six key informants were interviewed and 44 pediatric procedural interactions with 27 healthcare providers during the treatment of children two to eight years of age undergoing procedures were observed.Other information gathered included documents from the institution, and pain related information from the patient's medical record. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were managed using the Ethnograph 6.0 and analyzed using the procedure developed by Leininger and McFarland (2006). Results:Seven major themes with categories were discovered that included assessment, ii procedural pain, treatment of pain, communication related to comfort, fragmentation of care in the emergency department, healthcare provider attitudes, and environmental issues and policies. Conclusion:The results of this study suggest that practice environment of the emergency department and organizational culture exerted a significant degree of influence over healthcare providers' pediatric pain management practices. Nurses' did not use pain measurement tools as they were intended to be used and instead improvised measurement by observing the child's behavior. The management of children during painful procedures consisted of an array of behaviors and practices. The use of physical restraint during painful procedures was a common practice. Participants continue to hold many assumptions and misconceptions about pediatric pain assessment and management. The findings of this study provide insight to the everyday practice of emergency department healthcare providers for pediatric pain in a non-pediatric setting.iii Acknowledgments and Dedication

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Section: The Researcher's Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Foundations Of Ethnographymentioning

confidence: 99%