Examining default urban-aspect-ratios and sky-view-factors to identify priorities for thermal-sensitive public space design in hot-summer Mediterranean climates: The Lisbon case

Nouri, A. Santos; Costa, João Pedro; Matzarakis, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.10.027

Cited by 37 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Within the specified study that considered bioclimatic conditions in Freiburg during the summer period, the following was verified: (i) when comparing the results against the PS grades, unlike PET outcomes, almost no “extreme heat stress” periods were presented; and, (ii) overall, the probability of comfortable thermal conditions (i.e., of “no thermal stress”) was higher with the application of the mPET index. In line with these outputs, analogous results were also obtained by the authors of [22,23,62], particularly during periods of more accentuated thermal stimuli. …”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Based on the risk factors associated with human thermo-physiological conditions, interdisciplinary practices including that of urban climatology and biometeorology are also striving to understand how local bottom-up assessments of outdoor environments can lead to a comprehension of both existing and future threats to human thermal comfort thresholds [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]. Considering these thresholds, and as reinforced by numerous recent studies [7,23,24,25], the human thermo-physiological perception of thermal conditions exceeds that of solely T a , and conglomerates with numerous other imperative climatic variables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, and as identified by numerous studies [22,24,34,35], the scientific community has already recognized a weakness in the studies that examine local approaches to human thermal comfort thresholds within Mediterranean climates. Similarly, the number of studies that consider the important effects (and possible mitigation efforts) of urban heat islands (UHI) upon local thermal conditions (including for Mediterranean climates) have also grown within the international scientific community (e.g., [36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Beyond Singular Climatic Variables—Identifying the Dynamics of Wholesome Thermo-Physiological Factors for Existing/Future Human Thermal Comfort during Hot Dry Mediterranean Summers

Nouri

Charalampopoulos

Matzarakis

2018

IJERPH

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Centered on hot dry Mediterranean summer climates, this study assesses the climatic data that was extracted from Lisbon’s meteorological station between the years of 2012 and 2016. Focused on the summer period, existing outdoor human thermal comfort levels that are already prone to extreme heat stress thresholds were evaluated. Such an assessment was rooted around identifying the relationship and discrepancies between singular climatic variables (e.g., air Temperature (Ta)); and adapted thermos-physiological indices (e.g., the modified physiologically equivalent temperature (mPET)), which also consider the influence of radiation fluxes over the human body. In addition, default urban canyon case studies (UCCs) were utilized to supplement how both differ and influence one another, especially under extreme weather conditions including heat waves events (HWE), and very hot days (VHD). Through the use of wholesome thermo-physiological indices, the study revealed that while human health and thermal comfort is already prone to extreme physiological stress (PS) grades during one of the hottest months of the year, the current extremes could be drastically surpassed by the end of the century. Within the examined UCCs, it was identified that the projected PET could reach values of 58.3 °C under a projected climate change RCP8.5/SRES A1FI scenario. Similarly, and in terms of thermo-physiological stress loads, the following could happen: (i) a future “cooler summer day” could present similar conditions to those currently found during a ‘typical summer day; (ii) a future ‘typical summer day’ could present hourly physiological equivalent temperature load (PETL) that recurrently surpassed those currently found during a “very hot day”; and, (iii) a future “very hot day” could reveal severe hourly PETL values that reached 35.1 units beyond the established “no thermal stress” class.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond Singular Climatic Variables—Identifying the Dynamics of Wholesome Thermo-Physiological Factors for Existing/Future Human Thermal Comfort during Hot Dry Mediterranean Summers

Nouri

Charalampopoulos

Matzarakis

2018

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…As identified in numerous studies (e.g., [36][37][38][39][40]), the scientific community has recognised a weakness in studies that focus on Mediterranean 'Csa' climates with regard to local approaches to thermal comfort thresholds. Such a deficiency often generally relays to a lack of local scale design guidelines and precedents that could otherwise inform practices such as PSD to attenuate thermal comfort during dry and hot Mediterranean summers.…”

Section: Application Of Köppen Geiger Classification Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to Outdoor Thermal Comfort Thresholds through Public Space Design: A Review

et al. 2018

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Based on the Köppen Geiger (KG) classification system, this review article examines existing studies and projects that have endeavoured to address local outdoor thermal comfort thresholds through Public Space Design (PSD). The review is divided into two sequential stages, whereby (1) overall existing approaches to pedestrian thermal comfort thresholds are reviewed within both quantitative and qualitative spectrums; and (2) the different techniques and measures are reviewed and framed into four Measure Review Frameworks (MRFs), in which each type of PSD measure is presented alongside its respective local scale urban specificities/conditions and their resulting thermal attenuation outcomes. The result of this review article is the assessment of how current practices of PSD within three specific subcategories of the KG 'Temperate' group have addressed microclimatic aggravations such as elevated urban temperatures and Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects. Based upon a bottom-up approach, the interdisciplinary practice of PSD is hence approached as a means to address existing and future thermal risk factors within the urban public realm in an era of potential climate change.

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“…As a result, V 10 values were interpreted to a height of 1.1 m (henceforth expressed as V 1.1 ) by using the formula presented by Kuttler [46] (Equation (1)). Given Lisbon's denser downtown district with frequent open spaces, and similar to the morphological layout/compositions examined within comparable bioclimatic studies in Barcelona [38] and within the historical district of Lisbon [27], the study applied the following calibrations to the formula: z 0 = 1.00 m, and α = 0.35. where V h is the m/s at a height of h (10 m), α is an empirical exponent, depending upon urban surface roughness, and z 0 is the corresponding roughness length. At a later stage in the study, another variable tuning was considered when addressing the 'in-situ' effects of vegetation upon pedestrian comfort as a result of evapotranspiration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Tipuana tipu Species on Local Human Thermal Comfort Thresholds in Different Urban Canyon Cases in Mediterranean Climates: Lisbon, Portugal

et al. 2018

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Based upon the case of Lisbon, this article examined the in-situ effects of vegetation upon pedestrian thermal comfort levels. Focussing specifically upon the historic quarter that often witnesses the highest T amb values and Urban Heat Island (UHI) intensities during the summer, the most common urban canyon cases (UCCs) were modelled, along with one of the most commonly used vegetative semi-deciduous species found in the city, Tipuana tipu. Based upon a reference point (RP) system, the assessments were undertaken through the use of a new version of the SkyHelios model, local obtained G rad values, and the modified physiologically equivalent temperature (mPET) index calculated through the human-biometeorological model RayMan. The study identified the in-situ thermo-physiological influences of Tipuana tipu during different periods of the year: (1) during the summer, which revealed considerable reductions of PET/mPET of up to 15.6 • C/11.6 • C during a very hot day (where daily maximum T amb surpassed 35 • C); and (2) during the winter, which revealed the risks of oversharing as a result of the species keeping its foliage during the winter with reductions of PET/mPET of up to 2.7 • C/2.6 • C. Furthermore, the study utilised the climate tourism/transfer information scheme (CTIS) to categorise and facilitate the interpretation of the results.

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Examining default urban-aspect-ratios and sky-view-factors to identify priorities for thermal-sensitive public space design in hot-summer Mediterranean climates: The Lisbon case

Cited by 37 publications

References 34 publications

Beyond Singular Climatic Variables—Identifying the Dynamics of Wholesome Thermo-Physiological Factors for Existing/Future Human Thermal Comfort during Hot Dry Mediterranean Summers

Beyond Singular Climatic Variables—Identifying the Dynamics of Wholesome Thermo-Physiological Factors for Existing/Future Human Thermal Comfort during Hot Dry Mediterranean Summers

Approaches to Outdoor Thermal Comfort Thresholds through Public Space Design: A Review

The Impact of Tipuana tipu Species on Local Human Thermal Comfort Thresholds in Different Urban Canyon Cases in Mediterranean Climates: Lisbon, Portugal

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