Examining children's reading performance and preference for different computer-displayed text

Bernard, Michael L.; Chaparro, Barbara S.; Mills, Melissa; Halcomb, Charles G.

doi:10.1080/01449290210146737

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Most fonts used in reading materials designed for children are sans serif (Walker & Reynolds, 2003;Wilkins, Cleave, Grayson & Wilson, 2009). In particular, the sans serif font Arial has been shown to be popular among both children (Bernard, Chaparro, Mills, & Halcomb, 2002) and adults (Bernard, Chaparro, Mills, & Halcomb, 2003); therefore, we decided to have the majority of letters in our study displayed in this font. However, the shapes of the characters used for children may differ from those used for adults-particularly with regard to the singlestory lowercase "a" and "g" (known as infant letters, or infant form; Walker & Reynolds, 2003) versus their two-story counterparts "a" and "g" (known as adult form).…”

Section: Selection Of Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, when considering which form of the letters "a" and "g" to use (which, in the case of the letter "a", meant six different variations-"a", "à", "á", "â", "ã", and "ä"), the infant forms were chosen. Thus, for all variations of lowercase "a", this meant that a different font was required, and Comic Sans was chosen, as it has been shown to be popular with children (Bernard et al, 2002;Taslim, Wan Adnan, & Abu Bakar, 2009). Given that the Boles and Clifford (1989) matrix contained the adult form of lowercase "a" and a serif form of uppercase "I", for comparison reasons, it was decided to include these alternate forms as additional items in our matrix.…”

Section: Selection Of Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

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A letter visual-similarity matrix for Latin-based alphabets

et al. 2012

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Indicators of letter visual similarity have been used for controlling the design of empirical and neuropsychological studies and for rigorously determining the factors that underlie reading ability and literacy acquisition. Additionally, these letter similarity/confusability matrices have been useful for studies examining more general aspects of human cognition, such as perception. Despite many letter visual-similarity matrices being available, they all have two serious limitations if they are to be used by researchers in the reading domain: (1) They have been constructed using atypical reading data obtained from speeded reading-aloud tasks and/or under degraded presentation conditions; (2) they only include letters from the English alphabet. Although some letter visual-similarity matrices have been constructed using data gathered from normal reading conditions, these either are based on old fonts, which may not resemble the letters found in modern print, or were never published. For the first time, this article presents a comprehensive letter visual-similarity/confusability matrix that has been constructed based on untimed responses to clearly presented upper-and lowercase letters that are present in many languages that use Latin-based alphabets, including Catalan, Dutch, English, French, Galician, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish. Such a matrix will be useful for researchers interested in the processes underpinning reading and literacy acquisition.Keywords Letter visual-similarity/confusability matrix . Latin alphabets . Reading . Literacy acquisitionIn an extensive review of the literature spanning over 120 years, Mueller and Weidemann (2012) identified more than 70 published articles that had in one way or another sought to measure letter similarity (or confusability). From this review, the authors identified three main motivations for studying letter similarity: (1) practical attempts to make written text more comprehensible, and thereby allow learners to acquire reading skill more easily; (2) empirical investigations with the goal of understanding how the visual system functions; and (3) theoretical research attempting to explain how letters are represented by the visual system or, in abstract form, by the cognitive system. Regardless of the motivations for studying letter similarity, in the majority of these studies the same basic paradigm has been used-that of presenting single letters to participants, with the task being to name the presented item. A confusion matrix is then constructed by noting how often each letter was (incorrectly) given as a response to the presented letter. The number of responses given for each stimulus-response letter pair has been assumed to be an indication of the level of similarity (or confusability) between the two letters, with more errors on a pair indicating higher similarity/confusability. One problem with this paradigm is that if the letters are presented in a visually clear manner and no time limit to make a response is imposed on the participants, fe...

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Section: Selection Of Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selection Of Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

A letter visual-similarity matrix for Latin-based alphabets

et al. 2012

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“…, 특히 글자 크기는 지면 [7], 컴퓨터 [8], 소 형 컴퓨터 [9] Table 2] Mean number of correct answers in near visual acuity of 0.6 …”

Section: 서 론unclassified

Legibility Evaluation of Two and Three Syllable Words Used in Pesticides According to Font, Thickness, Gender, and Visual Acuity

Hwang¹,

Song²

2012

Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society

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Safety and health related information for the proper use and handing of pesticides is usually printed on the surface of the pesticide products in the form of texts. But, the guidelines or standards for the appropriate presentation of the texts for the pesticide products are most vague or not practical. Thus, this study aimed to provide the preliminary guidelines for the text sizes based on the legibility experiments. To achieve the objective legibility evaluation experiments were conducted to test the effects of different near vision (0.6, ≥0.8), gender, font type(thick gothic-type and fine gothic-type), thickness of font(plain and bold), and number of syllables(2 and 3 syllables) in the same age group of 20s. The results showed that legibility was different according to the visual acuity (p<0.05), and no other main effects showed statistically significant effects. The 'maximum illegible size' to read at least one word correctly in all the text conditions

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“…One study attempted to gauge the effects of varying font family, style, and size on reading performance and subjective preference with children aged 9 to 11 [5]. Concrete results were limited because of variability in the children's reading strategies, reading abilities, and levels of motivation.…”

Section: Readabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Readability of scanned books in digital libraries

Quinn

Chang

Arisaka

et al. 2008

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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Displaying scanned book pages in a web browser is difficult, due to an array of characteristics of the common user's configuration that compound to yield text that is degraded and illegibly small. For books which contain only text, this can often be solved by using OCR or manual transcription to extract and present the text alone, or by magnifying the page and presenting it in a scrolling panel. Books with rich illustrations, especially children's picture books, present a greater challenge because their enjoyment is dependent on reading the text in the context of the full page with its illustrations. We have created two novel prototypes for solving this problem by magnifying just the text, without magnifying the entire page. We present the results of a user study of these techniques. Users found our prototypes to be more effective than the dominant interface type for reading this kind of material and, in some cases, even preferable to the physical book itself.

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Examining children's reading performance and preference for different computer-displayed text

Cited by 40 publications

References 18 publications

A letter visual-similarity matrix for Latin-based alphabets

A letter visual-similarity matrix for Latin-based alphabets

Legibility Evaluation of Two and Three Syllable Words Used in Pesticides According to Font, Thickness, Gender, and Visual Acuity

Readability of scanned books in digital libraries

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