Examining characteristics of prebunking strategies to overcome PR disinformation attacks

Boman, Courtney D.

doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2021.102105

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The management of and response to misinformation and disinformation in public discourse poses an increasing, challenging issue which can lend to banality. Misinformation is unintentionally incorrect content that enters discourse (Cheng and Chen, 2020; Edwards, 2021) while disinformation is consciously disseminated and designed to spread content that is “harmful or inaccurate” (Boman, 2021: 2). Applied to organizational public relations, Edwards (2021) defined misinformation as the organizational sharing of intentionally and strategically false information for organizational benefit.…”

Section: Comparing and Defining The Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also strategically beneficial for organizations as it builds trust with stakeholders and reduces skepticism (e.g., TH Lee and Comello, 2019). At a tenuous time for accuracy and truth in public discourse amid a rise in mis-and disinformation (e.g., Boman, 2021;Cheng and Chen, 2020;Edwards, 2021), organizations and professional communicators should preemptively prioritize clarity and (2003) transparency in ESG communication. As other industries (e.g., tobacco) have demonstrated, long-term strategic ambiguity in service of purely organizational interests has devastating human and community consequences (Ulmer and Sellnow, 1997)-clarity is the ethical route toward equity.…”

Section: Strategies For Achieving Equitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Responsibility, sustainability, or environmental justice? Strategic communication and evolving expectations for stewardship and citizenship

Capizzo,

Luisi

2024

Public Relations Inquiry

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This conceptual paper analyzes the definitions and the explicit and implicit relationships among Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance (ESG), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and environmental justice. We explore their roles in public relations theory and practice. Furthermore, we suggest a path for articulating justice and equity more explicitly for future ESG communication. This synthesis leads to defining six equity strategies for ESG communication: Clarity, conflict, reflectiveness, community empowerment, and collaborative, justice-oriented outcomes.

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Section: Comparing and Defining The Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strategies For Achieving Equitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Responsibility, sustainability, or environmental justice? Strategic communication and evolving expectations for stewardship and citizenship

Capizzo,

Luisi

2024

Public Relations Inquiry

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“…Related to organizational response, organizations can affect the following levers: proactively, their preexisting media presence and preparation, and reactively, response timing and messaging engagement strategy. Strategies for disinformation management have included: proactively developing a strong online presence (a clear mechanism for public communication) and following (Melchior and Oliveira, 2021), developing a strategic response plan, prebunking to provide users with a warning prior to exposure to disinformation in order to diminish its persuasiveness (Lewandowsky and Van Der Linden, 2021; Boman, 2021; Boman and Schneider, 2021), and quickly and publicly addressing disinformation with compelling corrective content (Jin et al ., 2020). The successful implementation of these strategies will become increasingly important as users face differentiating between legitimate and synthetic content and sources.…”

Section: A Framework For Organizational Preparation For and Response ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

AI-driven disinformation: a framework for organizational preparation and response

Karinshak,

Jin

2023

JCOM

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PurposeDisinformation, false information designed with the intention to mislead, can significantly damage organizational operation and reputation, interfering with communication and relationship management in a wide breadth of risk and crisis contexts. Modern digital platforms and emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), introduce novel risks in crisis management (Guthrie and Rich, 2022). Disinformation literature in security and computer science has assessed how previously introduced technologies have affected disinformation, demanding a systematic and coordinated approach for sustainable counter-disinformation efforts. However, there is a lack of theory-driven, evidence-based research and practice in public relations that advises how organizations can effectively and proactively manage risks and crises driven by AI (Guthrie and Rich, 2022).Design/methodology/approachAs a first step in closing this research-practice gap, the authors first synthesize theoretical and technical literature characterizing the effects of AI on disinformation. Upon this review, the authors propose a conceptual framework for disinformation response in the corporate sector that assesses (1) technologies affecting disinformation attacks and counterattacks and (2) how organizations can proactively prepare and equip communication teams to better protect businesses and stakeholders.FindingsThis research illustrates that future disinformation response efforts will not be able to rely solely on detection strategies, as AI-created content quality becomes more and more convincing (and ultimately, indistinguishable), and that future disinformation management efforts will need to rely on content influence rather than volume (due to emerging capabilities for automated production of disinformation). Built upon these fundamental, literature-driven characteristics, the framework provides organizations actor-level and content-level perspectives for influence and discusses their implications for disinformation management.Originality/valueThis research provides a theoretical basis and practitioner insights by anticipating how AI technologies will impact corporate disinformation attacks and outlining how companies can respond. The proposed framework provides a theory-driven, practical approach for effective, proactive disinformation management systems with the capacity and agility to detect risks and mitigate crises driven by evolving AI technologies. Together, this framework and the discussed strategies offer great value to forward-looking disinformation management efforts. Subsequent research can build upon this framework as AI technologies are deployed in disinformation campaigns, and practitioners can leverage this framework in the development of counter-disinformation efforts.

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“…Misinformation interventions commonly engage with different themes, with current major themes including climate change, policy, and health [ 1 , 14 , 22 ]; whether these interventions are effective for additional issues also needs to be investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Inoculation for Credibility Assessment, Sharing Intention, and Discernment of Misinformation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Lü

et al. 2023

J Med Internet Res

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Background The prevalence of misinformation poses a substantial threat to individuals’ daily lives, necessitating the deployment of effective remedial approaches. One promising strategy is psychological inoculation, which pre-emptively immunizes individuals against misinformation attacks. However, uncertainties remain regarding the extent to which psychological inoculation effectively enhances the capacity to differentiate between misinformation and real information. Objective To reduce the potential risk of misinformation about digital health, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of psychological inoculation in countering misinformation with a focus on several factors, including misinformation credibility assessment, real information credibility assessment, credibility discernment, misinformation sharing intention, real information sharing intention, and sharing discernment. Methods Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a meta-analysis by searching 4 databases (Web of Science, APA PsycINFO, Proquest, and PubMed) for empirical studies based on inoculation theory and outcome measure–related misinformation published in the English language. Moderator analyses were used to examine the differences in intervention strategy, intervention type, theme, measurement time, team, and intervention design. Results Based on 42 independent studies with 42,530 subjects, we found that psychological inoculation effectively reduces misinformation credibility assessment (d=–0.36, 95% CI –0.50 to –0.23; P<.001) and improves real information credibility assessment (d=0.20, 95% CI 0.06-0.33; P=.005) and real information sharing intention (d=0.09, 95% CI 0.03-0.16; P=.003). However, psychological inoculation does not significantly influence misinformation sharing intention (d=–0.35, 95% CI –0.79 to 0.09; P=.12). Additionally, we find that psychological inoculation effectively enhances credibility discernment (d=0.20, 95% CI 0.13-0.28; P<.001) and sharing discernment (d=0.18, 95% CI 0.12-0.24; P<.001). Regarding health misinformation, psychological inoculation effectively decreases misinformation credibility assessment and misinformation sharing intention. The results of the moderator analyses showed that content-based, passive inoculation was more effective in increasing credibility and sharing intention. The theme of climate change demonstrates a stronger effect on real information credibility. Comparing intervention types showed that pre-post interventions are more effective for misinformation credibility assessment, while post-only interventions are better for credibility discernment. Conclusions This study indicated that psychological inoculation enhanced individuals’ ability to discern real information from misinformation and share real information. Incorporating psychological inoculation to cultivate an informed public is crucial for societal resilience against misinformation threats in an age of information proliferation. As a scalable and cost-effective intervention strategy, institutions can apply psychological inoculation to mitigate potential misinformation crises.

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Examining characteristics of prebunking strategies to overcome PR disinformation attacks

Cited by 15 publications

References 70 publications

Responsibility, sustainability, or environmental justice? Strategic communication and evolving expectations for stewardship and citizenship

Responsibility, sustainability, or environmental justice? Strategic communication and evolving expectations for stewardship and citizenship

AI-driven disinformation: a framework for organizational preparation and response

Psychological Inoculation for Credibility Assessment, Sharing Intention, and Discernment of Misinformation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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