Examining Carrier Sense Multiple Access to Enhance LoRa IoT Network Performance for Smart City Applications

El-Aasser, Minar; Badawi, Rana; Ashour, Mohamed; Elshabrawy, Tallal

doi:10.1109/icce-berlin47944.2019.8966182

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…SF orthogonality in LoRaWAN should be taken into account when discussing about multiple access due to its imperfect nature [59], [60]. Several research efforts examine different approaches to the field of multiple access [61], [62], [63], [64], [65]. DL is also permitted in LoRaWAN, either in unicast form for every ED class specified in protocol (Class A, B, C) or multicast for some ED classes (Class B, C).…”

Section: Lora/lorawanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results follow intuition regarding the effects of SF and CR selection on the energy consumption, the relationship between range and energy consumption and the most demanding tasks energywise for an ED. Regarding the topic of multiple access, a proposal can be found in [62], in which a variant of CSMA/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) is examined as an option, instead of pure ALOHA that LoRaWAN is thought to be. Experiments in crowded OMNeT++ simulations are performed, which reveal a sizeable improvement in successful packet reception and consequently system's throughput.…”

Section: B Simulation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Study on LPWANs With a Focus on the Potential of LoRa/LoRaWAN Systems

Milarokostas

Tsolkas

Passas

et al. 2023

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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The Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem is emerging rapidly. From the connectivity perspective, it is the vehicle towards connecting massive number of devices to the Internet; whereas, from the application perspective, it paves the way towards collecting huge amounts of data and enabling novel information-based services. The connectivity infrastructure that will support the IoT ecosystem is composed of both expansions applied in the well-deployed mobile network infrastructures, and dedicated deployments provided by vertical-specific setups. In the latter case, the Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) have become a cost-effective solution, incorporating efficient technologies for wireless connectivity and control. In this context, a comprehensive study is provided to assist on the currently increasing research and development interest in the area of LPWANs. The study provides state-of-the-art work as well as research directions and tools for the most representative LPWAN technologies. Supporting the concept of openness in the IoT ecosystem, the study targets connectivity solutions that operate in unlicensed spectrum bands, such as the LoRa/LoRaWAN systems, and describes the most recent cloud and open-sourced solutions for IoT service and data management.

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Section: Lora/lorawanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Simulation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Study on LPWANs With a Focus on the Potential of LoRa/LoRaWAN Systems

Milarokostas

Tsolkas

Passas

et al. 2023

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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show abstract

“…Nevertheless, multiple access performance is affected by the imperfect nature of SF orthogonality [100], [101]. The topic of multiple access has attracted several research efforts, and a number of different approaches have been proposed [102], [103], [104], [105], [106]. In LoRaWAN, DL transmissions are either unicast for every ED class specified in the protocol (Classes A, B, and C) or multicast for ED Classes B and C.…”

Section: Lora/lorawanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results follow intuition regarding the effects of SF and CR selection on the energy consumption, the relationship between range and energy consumption, and the most demanding tasks energywise for an ED. Regarding multiple access, a proposal can be found in [103], in which a variant of CSMA/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) is examined as an option, instead of the pure ALOHA that LoRaWAN mainly utilizes. Experiments in crowded OMNeT++ simulations are performed, which reveal a sizeable improvement in successful packet reception and, therefore, in system throughput.…”

Section: B Simulation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Study on LPWANs With a Focus on the Potential of LoRa/LoRaWAN Systems

Milarokostas¹,

Tsolkas²,

Passas³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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This publication offers a comprehensive survey on the topic of Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs). We discuss the scope of LPWAN connectivity and present numerous well-established technologies that can offer such a service. From this presentation, LoRa/LoRaWAN systems emerge as one of the dominant solutions, and hence we offer details about end-to-end LoRa/LoRaWAN-enabled networking. As an area being in its infancy, LPWANs in general and LoRa/LoRaWAN in specific undergo extensive research. We shed light in key contributions, whereas we also provide our findings regarding the main research focus and needs. Simulation studies appear to be a popular choice among researchers, whereas real system implementations are constantly emerging thanks to low deployment and operational cost. For the former, we offer a comparative overview of existing simulators, whereas for the latter we discuss key considerations about the server-side part of a deployed system, which is usually supported by cloud infrastructure. Finally, LPWANs are systems that experience intense data generation, and thus we deliver a presentation of data-related operations which take place in such systems. This presentation revealed a major vertical market that is expected to be served by LPWANs: the Industiral IoT; which embodies concepts like Asset Administration Shell and Digital Twins.

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“…15.4 (Zig-Bee) or WiFi. It means that a LoRa network behaves as an unidirectional ALOHA system with packet transmissions occurring at anytime, impairing its scalability and Data Extraction Rate (DER) [3,[7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CANL LoRa: Collision Avoidance by Neighbor Listening for Dense LoRa Networks

Gaillard,

Pham

2023

2023 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC)

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The current medium access in LoRa, involving strategies very similar to early ALOHA systems, does not scale for future denser LoRa networks, subject to many collisions. Semtech's Channel Activity Detection (CAD) feature enables to implement a carrier sense (CS) in LoRa WANs, but its unreliability at short distance dramatically decreases its efficiency for classical CS strategies. We present CANL, a novel LoRa channel access approach based on an asynchronous collision avoidance (CA) mechanism and operating without the CAD procedure. Extensive simulations using an extended LoRaSim confirm the performance of CANL in a wide range of configurations. The results are promising and show that the proposed CA approach can greatly increase the delivery ratio in dense LoRa networks compared to a classical CS strategy while keeping the energy consumption at a reasonable level.

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Examining Carrier Sense Multiple Access to Enhance LoRa IoT Network Performance for Smart City Applications

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

A Comprehensive Study on LPWANs With a Focus on the Potential of LoRa/LoRaWAN Systems

A Comprehensive Study on LPWANs With a Focus on the Potential of LoRa/LoRaWAN Systems

A Comprehensive Study on LPWANs With a Focus on the Potential of LoRa/LoRaWAN Systems

CANL LoRa: Collision Avoidance by Neighbor Listening for Dense LoRa Networks

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