Examining active shooter events through the rational choice perspective and crime script analysis

Osborne, Jeffery R; Capellan, Joel A.

doi:10.1057/sj.2015.12

Cited by 56 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Consistent with the literature , the ideologically motivated shooters display significantly higher levels of preparatory behaviors prior to attacks. Compared to its counterparts, ideologically motivated offenders are significantly more likely to train, acquire tactical gear (25.3%), acquire logistical information (44.6%), and conduct surveillance (21.2%) of targets prior the shooting.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Table compares the motivations and pre‐event behaviors of disgruntled employee , school , ideologically motivated, and rampage mass public shooters. Research suggests that motivations for mass public shootings could be grouped into three categories: autogenic, revenge, and ideological. Autogenic motivations are “self‐generated” due to the offender's internal psychological processes and issues .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research has stressed the act of obtaining a firearm affords law enforcement a great opportunity to intervene and potentially prevent mass public shootings. Our results suggest this opportunity to intervene at this stage of the process is greatest with school shooters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Naturally, all ideologically motivated shooters were motivated by ideological definitions. According to Osborne and Capellan , the motives behind mass public shootings are predictive of behaviors and characteristics of offenders. Using a script analysis, they find that offenders motivated by revenge tend to target individuals with whom they have personal/professional relationships.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disaggregating Mass Public Shootings: A Comparative Analysis of Disgruntled Employee, School, Ideologically motivated, and Rampage Shooters

Capellan

Johnson

Porter

et al. 2018

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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This study compares the demographic, background, motivation, and pre‐event and event‐level behaviors across four types of mass public shooters: disgruntled employee, school, ideologically motivated, and rampage offenders. Using a database containing detailed information on 318 mass public shootings that occurred in the United States between 1966 and 2017, we find systematic differences in the characteristics, motivations, target selection, planning, and incident‐level behaviors among these offenders. The results show that ideologically motivated shooters to be the most patient, and methodical, and as a result the most lethal. Conversely, disgruntled employees, who are driven by revenge, tend to have little time to plan and consequently are the least lethal shooters. These, among other differences, underscore the need for prevention strategies and policies to be tailored to specific types of offenders. Furthermore, the results also highlight commonalities across offender type, suggesting that the social and psychological pathways to violence are universal across offenders.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disaggregating Mass Public Shootings: A Comparative Analysis of Disgruntled Employee, School, Ideologically motivated, and Rampage Shooters

Capellan

Johnson

Porter

et al. 2018

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…Three visualisation models feature in the reviewed literature: tables, flowcharts, and narratives. Most of the reviewed studies relied on a single visualisation model although some of them used a mixture of models [28,29]. 7) Organising Information After identifying the source of information and selecting the visualisation model, the extracted information must be organised to construct the final crime script.…”

Section: ) Selecting a Visualisation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a More Structured Crime Scripting Method

Dehghanniri

Borrion

2016

2016 IEEE 24th International Requirements Engineering Conference Workshops (REW)

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Abstract-Scripts have been used in different disciplines to characterize how individuals conceptualize the conduct of goaloriented tasks. Cornish introduced this modelling approach to the field of environmental criminology as a more systematic way to identify offenders' decisions during the commission of crime. Despite the growing number of articles about crime scripts, there is limited information about the scripting process itself. In particular, there is no publication describing all of the activities involved in the scripting of crime in a comprehensive manner. As a result, the procedural aspects of physical and cybercrimes are predominantly modelled using intuitive rather than structured methods. To fill in this gap, the current study introduces the concept of crime script lifecycle and examine the stages involved in crime scripting process. Following a bottom-up approach, the research involved searching for information relevant to the production of crime scripts and synthesizing the results into a conceptual model. The resulting description of the crime scripting process should improve crime scripting practice, and create a roadmap for future research in this field.Index Terms-crime script, crime requirements, business process model, modus operandi.

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Change and stability in offender, behaviours, and incident‐level characteristics of mass public shootings in the United States, 1984–2015

Capellan

Gomez

2017

Journal Invest Psychology

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For the last 40 years, the general profile of mass public shooters has enjoyed enduring consensus by experts, and as a result, it has remained static over this time. However, a recent string of mass public shootings perpetrated by “atypical” offenders bring into question the stability of the characteristics, motivations, and methods employed by these offenders. The goal of this study is to examine the stability and change of these characteristics and behaviors over the last 32 years (1984–2015). Using an open‐source database, this study compares mass public shootings in 2000–2015 time period to the attacks committed in 1984–1999. The results illustrate not only sharp increase in number of mass public shootings in the last 16 years but also a significant growth in the racial heterogeneity and background characteristics of these offenders, clearly marking a departure from the general accepted profile of mass public shooters and mass murderers. The results also point to key characteristics, and behaviors that have remained static during the analysis time. Additionally, this study explores the implications these changes and stability on crime prevention strategies, as well as strategies to mitigate the lethality of these attacks.

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Examining active shooter events through the rational choice perspective and crime script analysis

Cited by 56 publications

References 13 publications

Disaggregating Mass Public Shootings: A Comparative Analysis of Disgruntled Employee, School, Ideologically motivated, and Rampage Shooters

Disaggregating Mass Public Shootings: A Comparative Analysis of Disgruntled Employee, School, Ideologically motivated, and Rampage Shooters

Toward a More Structured Crime Scripting Method

Change and stability in offender, behaviours, and incident‐level characteristics of mass public shootings in the United States, 1984–2015

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