ABSTRACT. The effects of acute restraint stress on sperm motility and reproductive endocrinology were investigated in adult rats. Sperm motility was determined by computer-assisted sperm analysis. Acute restraint stress reduced sperm motility starting after 30 min, and the sperm motility parameters, percentage of motile spermatozoa (%), straight-line velocity, curvilinear velocity, deviation of the sperm head from the mean trajectory and the maximum amplitude of lateral head displacement decreased. It also induced a significant elevation in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, corticosterone and progesterone and decreased follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone and immunoreactive (ir-) inhibin. These results clearly demonstrated that the acute restraint stress rapidly suppressed sperm motility and increased the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, whereas it disturbed hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis activity.KEY WORDS: ACTH, corticosterone, LH, restraint stress, sperm motility.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 72(11): 1501-1506, 2010 Sperm motility is an important prerequisite determining the quality and fertilizing ability of semen. Several studies have demonstrated that there is a relationship between psychological stress and sperm concentration, motility and morphometry [9,14,28]. In humans, psychological stress patients had decreased sperm count and motility [4]. Stress due to examination tests disturbed luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone concentrations [17].Restraint stress has been used as a procedure to study the effects of stress on reproduction outcome in rodents. Several studies have reported reduced testis weight and viability or percentage of progressive epididymal spermatozoa and increased adrenal weight due to stress in rats [24,34]. In rats, the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis by stress depends mainly on the characteristics of the stressor, and the response of this axis to stress also depends on the time of day in which the stressor is applied [29]; immobilization stress resulted in decreases in testicular weights along with viability and progressive epididymal spermatozoa [24].To extend these observations and knowledge, adult male rats were used as an animal model to investigate whether and how acute restraint stress affects sperm motility and reproductive endocrinology in this study. Adult WistarImamichi male rats, weighing between 340 and 430 g and aged 3 months, from Imamichi Institute for Animal Reproduction, Ibaraki, Japan, were used. The rats were housed in a room with controlled illumination (14 L:10 D) and temperature (22°C-25°C) and were given free access to commercial pellets (CE-2, Japan Clea Co., Tokyo, Japan) and tap water ad libitum. All procedures were carried out in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals prepared by Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.Adult male rats were stressed by immobilization in a small plastic bag (DecapiCone, Braintree Scientific Inc., Braintree, MA,...