Examination of vanadium contaminated pillared rectorite catalysts with the atomic force microscope

Occelli, Mario L.; Gould, Steven A.; Tsai, Jyong-Sian; Drake, B.

doi:10.1016/1381-1169(95)00131-x

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…An example of the impact of new instrumental techniques is provided by atomic force microscopy (AFM), a powerful technique that can generate the images of surfaces with atomic resolution. AFM has been used successfully to investigate the surface features of pillared rectorite catalysts [6,7,8]. Several studies were also conducted to observe the FCC catalyst surfaces using AFM [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of the Equilibrium FCC Catalyst Surface by AFM and SEM–EDS

Bayraktar

Kugler

2003

Catalysis Letters

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The deposition of metal contaminants (e.g., Ni, V, and Fe) from the hydrocarbon feed causes the deactivation of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst used in petroleum refining. It is very important to understand the changes in the morphology and chemical composition on the catalyst surface and how these structural and chemical changes affect the catalyst performance. In this research, metal-contaminated FCC catalysts from a commercial unit have been characterized using AFM together with SEM-EDS. The AFM images showed the surface pores as well as the features that surround the pore's entrance on the catalyst surface. Catalyst surface contains debris that appear as bright spots in AFM images. SEM-EDS results have shown the presence of iron in these bright spots. Fe enrichment at the catalyst particle surface was also confirmed by XPS analyses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of the Equilibrium FCC Catalyst Surface by AFM and SEM–EDS

Bayraktar

Kugler

2003

Catalysis Letters

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“…They reported that the obtained interlayer distance was coincident with that from XRD measurement. Occelli et al used an atomic force microscope (AFM) to investigate the surface features of a pillared montmorillonite, and they provided atomicscale details of the basal planes of clays and pillared clays (11). Although studies of the pillar structure and the pore structure in the interlayers of a pillared clay were few, Ooka et al investigated the pore structure of pillared clays by analyzing the relation between the amount of dye molecule adsorbed and the amount of pillar intercalated (12,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%