Examination of the Relationship between Peripheral Inflammation Markers and Impulsivity and Aggression in Schizophrenia Patients Involved and Not Involved in Crime

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between peripheral inflammatory markers and aggression and impulsivity in schizophrenia patients with and without criminal histories. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with patients with schizophrenia involved in crimes and hospitalized in the Forensic Psychiatry ward of Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital and patients with schizophrenia not involved in crimes and hospitalized in the psychiatry ward of Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital. All participants completed the Buss–Waren Aggression Scale (BWAS), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), and the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS). Before treatment, venous blood samples were taken for laboratory measurements on the first day of hospitalization. Results: All participants were male. The mean age of those involved in a crime was 39 ± 9.7 years, while the mean age of those not involved in a crime was 41.2 ± 10.7 years. The PANSS all subscale and total scores of the patients with schizophrenia who were involved in a crime were significantly higher than the group who were not involved (p values were p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.043, p = 0.001, respectively). The BWAS—physical aggression (p = 0.007) and total scores of the scale (p = 0.046) and BIS-11—inability to plan (p = 0.002) scores of the group involved in a crime were higher than the group not involved. As for laboratory parameters, MCH, MCHC, PDW, eosinophils, basophils, RDW-CV, and RDW-SD values were significantly higher in those involved in crime, while MPV, creatinine, albumin, and LDH values were lower. CRP and CRP/albumin values were significantly higher, while neutrophil/albumin values were significantly lower in those who committed murder in the first degree than those who committed other crimes. Conclusion: Based on our results, we found that inflammatory agents were significantly increased in forensic schizophrenia patients with high aggression scores. Significant correlations between some inflammatory factors and impulsivity and aggression scores and differences in these factors according to crime types showed that these factors might be related to violence and criminal behavior. There is a need for further large-scale studies on this subject at different stages of the disease.

Nutritional Criminology: Why the Emerging Research on Ultra-Processed Food Matters to Health and Justice

“…In a recent study involving 686 adults with bipolar disorder (vs. 343 healthy controls), researchers found that the systemic immune-inflammatory index (a combined measurement of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelet counts) was higher among people with bipolar disorder who had committed criminal offenses [187]. Similar findings of increased inflammatory immune markers have been reported for adults with schizophrenia who had committed crimes vs. noncriminal patients [188]. Dietary factors (omega-3 fatty acids, for example) can act as signaling molecules throughout the immune system, limiting systemic low-grade inflammation [189,190].…”