Examination of the interrelations between the factors of PTSD, major depression, and generalized anxiety disorder in a heterogeneous trauma-exposed sample using DSM 5 criteria

Price, Matthew; Stolk-Cooke, Katherine van

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.012

Cited by 95 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Others have examined the relationships between the factors of PTSD, MDD, and GAD. Consistently, PTSD's dysphoria/numbing factor has been found to be a non-specific component with relationships with depression and anxiety Armour and Shevlin 2009;Palmieri et al 2007;Price and van Stolk-Cooke 2015).…”

Section: Observed and Latent Level Explanations For Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…As aforementioned, studies often assess the overlap between PTSD and other disorders via disorder-specific scales as a proxy for assessing the underlying common factor of negative affectivity or general distress (Byllesby et al 2016;Durham et al 2015;Price and van Stolk-Cooke 2015). These studies document the co-occurrence between PTSD and other disorders, however they do not explicitly specify if negative affect is the underlying reason for the comorbidity.…”

Section: Role Of Negative Affectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Underlying Role of Negative Affect in the Association between PTSD, Major Depressive Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Byllesby

Charak

Durham

et al. 2016

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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Clinicians and researchers have found differential diagnosis to be difficult, particularly for conceptually similar disorders. One category of particular interest has been distress or internalizing disorders, theorized to be related via an underlying construct of generalized distress or negative affect. The present study attempted to address the comorbidity of three distress disorders -posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) -using latent analyses by controlling for the variance attributable to negative affect. The sample consisted of 265 trauma-exposed individuals who completed self-report measures of PTSD, MDD, GAD, and negative affect. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test initial model fit. Next, the model was re-computed, controlling for negative affect by regressing negative affectivity at the item-level. Results indicated that a significant amount of variance within and between these diagnostic categories is attributable to negative affect at both the item-and factor-level. The hypothesis that MDD's non-somatic/affective factor and the GAD factor would have the highest attenuations in factor loadings after controlling for negative affect was supported. Therefore, negative affect significantly influences the co-occurrence of PTSD, MDD, and GAD clinically, emphasizing the need for transdiagnostic interventions for trauma victims.

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Section: Observed and Latent Level Explanations For Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Role Of Negative Affectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Underlying Role of Negative Affect in the Association between PTSD, Major Depressive Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Byllesby

Charak

Durham

et al. 2016

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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“…The DSM 5 defines PTSD across four factors: PTSD-intrusions, PTSD-avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood (PTSD-NACM), and alterations in arousal and reactivity (PTSD-AAR) (American Psychiatric Association 2013). Although the factor structure of PTSD remains under investigation, this structure has been supported and will be used in the current study (Byllesby et al 2016a; Miller et al 2013; Price and van Stolk-Cooke 2015). …”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…MDD has two factors that reflect an affective component (MDD-affective) and a somatic component (MDD-somatic) (Contractor et al 2014; Elhai et al 2015; Tsai et al 2014). GAD reliably is comprised of a single factor (Durham et al 2015; Price and van Stolk-Cooke 2015; Spitzer et al 2006). The factor of structure of PTSD is fairly complex with an extensive literature devoted to its components (for a review see Armour et al 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…General distress is defined primarily as negative affect whereas specificity is defined as symptoms that are distinct from negative affect (e.g., stimulus-specific fear). Considerable prior work has shown that there are strong relations between the factors of PTSD, MDD, and GAD, which implies that these disorders have a strong association to a general distress factor and relatively low specificity (Byllesby et al 2016b; Durham et al 2015; Elhai et al 2015; Price and van Stolk-Cooke 2015). Indeed, two studies with combat veterans have suggested that comorbidity may reflect increased severity of symptoms as opposed to unique disorders (Contractor et al 2015; Gros et al 2012), which points to the presence of an underlying shared distress factor.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterogeneity in the Strength of the Relation Between Social Support and Post-Trauma Psychopathology

Price

Pallito

Legrand

2017

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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Potentially traumatic events (PTEs) increase risk for psychopathology, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Social support (SS) is associated with reduced symptoms for each disorder. Each disorder, however, is highly heterogeneous such that they are comprised of clusters of different symptoms. It is unclear if SS is associated with all clusters equally. The current study examined the relation between SS and the symptom clusters of each disorder. Participants completed a battery of self-report assessments for PTSD, MDD, GAD, and SS. All participants experienced a Criterion A traumatic event. Although SS was significantly associated with all symptom clusters, the strength of relations varied. The relation between SS and MDD-affective was significantly stronger than its association with all other factors. The relations between SS and GAD, MDD-somatic, PTSD-AAR, and PTSD-NACM did not significantly differ. These relations were stronger than the relations between SS and the remaining PTSD factors. There was no significant difference in the relations between SS and PTSD-intrusions or PTSD-avoidance. These results suggest that SS is more closely aligned to specific aspects of post-trauma psychopathology.

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Comparison of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Instruments From Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition vs Fifth Edition in a Large Cohort of US Military Service Members and Veterans

et al. 2021

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Key Points Question How well can posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) be assessed and compared spanning the transition between the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) and DSM-5 , using different PTSD Checklist (PCL) instruments? Findings In this diagnostic study of 1921 individuals, there was substantial to excellent agreement when individual items, probable PTSD, and sum scores were compared between PCL-Civilian (PCL-C) version and PCL for DSM-5 (PCL-5); the 2 instruments had nearly identical associations with comorbid conditions. Meaning These results provide support for the transition from the PCL-C to the PCL-5 without losing the ability to monitor trends and associated comorbidities.

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Examination of the interrelations between the factors of PTSD, major depression, and generalized anxiety disorder in a heterogeneous trauma-exposed sample using DSM 5 criteria

Cited by 95 publications

References 44 publications

The Underlying Role of Negative Affect in the Association between PTSD, Major Depressive Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder

The Underlying Role of Negative Affect in the Association between PTSD, Major Depressive Disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Heterogeneity in the Strength of the Relation Between Social Support and Post-Trauma Psychopathology

Comparison of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Instruments From Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition vs Fifth Edition in a Large Cohort of US Military Service Members and Veterans

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