Examination of the influence of cedar fragrance on cognitive function and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in Alzheimer type dementia

Takahashi, Yuya; Shindo, Sho; Kanbayashi, Takashi; Takeshima, Masahiro; Imanishi, Aya; Mishima, Kazuo

doi:10.1002/npr2.12096

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Improvements in responsive behaviours such as agitation, anxiety and irritability were also reported by Takahashi et al (2020) in the experimental group after environmental exposure to an ethanol cleaning solution with added cedar fragrance and distilled solution with cedar sprayed on clothing and bedding, compared to the control group who were exposed to the ethanol solution without fragrance. Sakamoto et al (2012) found a significant decrease in the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) (Cohen-Mansfield & Kerin, 1986) score following a 12-month period of olfactory stimulation using a patch worn by residents in nursing homes.…”

Section: Responsive Behavioursmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Among the 20 studies, eight used a control group composed of older people of similar age to those with dementia ( n = 5) (El Haj et al, 2018; Glachet et al, 2019; Glachet & El Haj, 2019, 2020a, 2020b), people with dementia with the same demographic characteristics to the experimental group ( n = 2) (Sakamoto et al, 2012; Takahashi et al, 2020) and older and young people ( n = 1) (Lopis et al, 2021). Jimbo et al (2009) and Takahashi et al (2020) included care staff and caregivers in their sample.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subtypes of dementia were not provided in six studies (Gray & Clair, 2002;Henry et al, 1994;Moorman Li et al, 2017;Sakamoto et al, 2012;Smallwood et al, 2001;Takeda et al, 2017). Among the 20 studies, eight used a control group composed of older people of similar age to those with dementia (n = 5) (El Haj et al, 2018;, 2020a, 2020b, people with dementia with the same demographic characteristics to the experimental group (n = 2) (Sakamoto et al, 2012;Takahashi et al, 2020) and older and young people (n = 1) (Lopis et al, 2021). Jimbo et al (2009) and Takahashi et al (2020) included care staff and caregivers in their sample.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mixed results were reported for the benefits of olfactory stimulation on cognitive functions in people with mild to moderate dementia, with one study showing positive effects (Jimbo et al, 2009) and one no effects (Takahashi et al, 2020). Jimbo et al (2009) investigated cognitive function after exposure to two scent mixtures with stimulating and calming properties.…”

Section: Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olfactory stimulation for people with dementia: A rapid review

et al. 2022

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There is a growing interest in using olfactory (smell) stimulation in dementia care. This study aims to extend current knowledge by synthesising the evidence on the efficacy of interventions using olfactory stimulation for people with dementia and to assess the effects of different types of odours and administration methods using a mixed methods approach. The rapid review was conducted based on searches in six electronic databases. A narrative approach was applied to assess 20 studies included in the review. Fourteen studies used a quasi-experimental design, five studies used an experimental design and one was a case study. High heterogeneity was found on odours and methods of application used, with the majority of studies administering lavender oil using a diffuser. Mixed results were reported on the benefits of olfactory stimulation on responsive behaviours and cognitive function. Although the evidence available is limited, encouraging results were found regarding olfactory stimulation and increased sleep duration, food intake and improved balance. It was not possible to draw any overall conclusion in relation to the effect of olfactory stimulation. However, this review shows promising results that support further investigation of olfactory stimulation as a nonpharmacological intervention for people with dementia. The review is limited due to the low to moderate quality of studies included. Furthermore, the broad range of approaches was employed, and comparison between the studies was difficult. Further high-quality mixed method studies using robust and detailed protocols are needed to clarify the effects of olfactory stimuli and any other factors that may influence the responses of people with dementia.

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Section: Responsive Behavioursmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olfactory stimulation for people with dementia: A rapid review

et al. 2022

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“…In addition, OI dysfunction occurs in many neuropsychiatric diseases, including frontotemporal dementia ( 20 ), schizophrenia ( 21 ), bipolar disorders ( 22 ), autism spectrum disorder ( 23 ). Furthermore, behavioral and psychological symptoms in AD, such as agitation, anxiety, and irritability ( 24 ), would change upon exposure to fragrance ( 25 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Effects of Agitation and Cognitive Impairment on Odor Identification in Patients With Late-Life Depression

et al. 2022

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BackgroundLate-life depression (LLD) is a risk factor for cognitive decline in older adults, and odor identification (OI) deficits are an early indicator of cognitive decline with LLD. However, neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are common in LLD and are associated with OI deficits. In subjects with LLD, when OI deficits forecast cognitive decline, whether and how NPS affects the relationship between OI and cognition still must be further explored.ObjectiveTo comprehensively explore the potential effects of various NPSs on the relationship between OI and cognition in participants with LLD.MethodsThere were 167 patients with LLD and 105 normal elderly (NE) participants. The odor identification test (Sniffin' Sticks), cognitive function assessments (global cognition, memory, executive function, attention, language, visual space), and an NPS assessment (the neuropsychiatric inventory questionnaire) were performed on the subjects. In patients with LLD, the relationship among OI, cognition and NPSs was examined using correlation analysis and moderation analysis.ResultsIn patients with LLD, OI was positively correlated with cognition (global cognition, memory, executive function, attention, language) and negatively associated with NPSs (agitation and aberrant motor behavior). In NE group, OI was correlated with executive function. Moderation analysis showed that there was an interactive effect of agitation and cognitive impairment (language deficit or attention deficit) on OI in patients with LLD.ConclusionThe coexistence of agitation and language or attention deficit was associated with worse OI in subjects with LLD. Agitation should be considered since OI predicts cognitive decline in patients with LLD.

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