Examination of the effects of LiOH, LiCl, and LiNO3 on alkali–silica reaction

Collins, Courtney L.; Ideker, Jason H.; Willis, G S; Kurtis, Kimberly E.

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.01.011

Cited by 66 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Among many theories, it has been reported that a Li/Na molar ratio over 1.0 is necessary for the suppression of ASR-induced expansion of concrete (Ashida et al 1999;Collins et al 2004). From Fig.…”

Section: Distribution Of LI + Content and Li/na Molar Ratio In Concretementioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of Electrochemical Penetration of Lithium Ions on Concrete Expansion Due to ASR

Ueda

Baba

Nanasawa

2011

ACT

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Concrete expansion due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is one of the serious deterioration mechanisms of concrete structures. However, no promising repair method for ASR has been established yet. In a bid to remedy this situation, an electrochemical technique to accelerate the penetration of the lithium ions (Li + ) in a lithium-based electrolyte solution into concrete has been developed for the purpose of suppressing ASR-induced expansion due to Li + . From the results of past research work, the penetration area of Li + is limited around the concrete surface and it is difficult to make Li + penetrate into the deeper part of concrete. In this study, experimental investigation was carried out aiming to grasp the influence of the kinds of lithium salts and the temperature of the electrolyte solution on the migration properties of ions in concrete and ASR-induced expansion of concrete. The electrochemical migration of Li + was found to accelerate with rises in temperature and the effective diffusion coefficient of Li + increased three times with changes in temperature from 20˚C to 40˚C in the case of a Li 2 CO 3 electrolyte solution. Moreover, ASR-induced expansion of concrete after this treatment was suppressed compared with the case of non-treated specimens.

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Section: Distribution Of LI + Content and Li/na Molar Ratio In Concretementioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of Electrochemical Penetration of Lithium Ions on Concrete Expansion Due to ASR

Ueda

Baba

Nanasawa

2011

ACT

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“…In order to suppress excessive ASR-induced expansion of control mortar bars, each aggregate group was treated with Class F fly ash dosages of 15, 20, 25 and 30 % by weight as a partial replacement of Portland cement, up to six dosages of lithium-to-alkali molar ratios of 0.59, 0.74, 0.89, 1.04, 1.19, and 1.33, and the combined use of lithium-to-alkali molar ratio of 0.74 and the fly ash dosages of 15 and 20 % as a partial replacement of Portland cement. It was noted that the ASTM C 1260 test was modified by adding lithium into the soak solution to maintain the same lithium-to-alkali molar ratio in the mortar bars and the soak solution (Berra et al 2003;Folliard et al 2003;Collins et al 2004;Li 2005). Table 6 documents the lithium-to-alkali molar ratio and amount of lithium nitrate in the mortar bars and 1L of NaOH solution.…”

Section: Experimental Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The efficacy of lithium in suppressing expansion due to ASR strongly depends on the nature or reactivity of the aggregate, the form of lithium, and the amount of alkalis present in the concrete. The lithium nitrate rate to suppress ASR expansion of most aggregates is closed to the standard dosages of 0.74 (McCoy and Caldwell 1951;Durand 2000;Folliard et al 2006;Ekolu et al 2007), although highly reactive aggregates may require more, and some less reactive aggregates may need less (Touma et al 2001;Collins et al 2004;Islam 2010). An extensive span of lithium-to-alkali molar ratio is found effective in the previous research investigations; such as 0.60-0.90 (Collins et al 2004);0.72-0.92 (Feng et al 2005); 0.925 (Lane 2002);0.74-0.93 (McKeen et al 1998), and 0.74-1.04 (Tremblay et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of ASR Mitigation Methodologies

Islam

2014

Int J Concr Struct Mater

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This study evaluates the dosages of Class F fly ash, lithium nitrate and their combinations to suppress the excessive expansion caused by alkali-silica reactivity (ASR). In order to serve the proposed objective, the mortar bar specimens were prepared from (1) four dosages of Class F fly ash, such as 15, 20, 25 and 30 % as a partial replacement of Portland cement, (2) up to six dosages of lithium nitrate, such as lithium-to-alkali molar ratios of 0.59, 0.74, 0.89, 1.04, 1.19 and 1.33, and (3) the combination of lithium salt (lithium-to-alkali molar ratio of 0.74) and two dosages of Class F fly ash (15 and 20 % as a partial replacement of Portland cement). Percent contribution to ASR-induced expansion due to the fly ash or lithium content, test duration and their interaction was also evaluated. The results showed that the ASR-induced expansion decreased with an increase in the admixtures in the mortar bar. However, the specimens made with the both Class F fly ash and lithium salt produced more effective mitigation approach when compared to those prepared with fly ash or lithium salt alone. The ASR-induced expansions of fly ash or lithium bearing mortar bars by the proposed models generated a good correlation with those obtained by the experimental procedures.

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“…Expansion of the gel can cause cracking of concrete structures. Further details on the reaction can be found in Collins et al, 2004b. Because the reaction essentially occurs between the aggregates and the alkaline pore solution, observations of the aggregate/paste interface are critical to understand the rate of reaction, the nature of the products formed, the mechanisms of damage, and the effects of various mitigation options.…”

Section: Cement-based Materials Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%