Examination of nanoparticulate phosphate rock as both a liming agent and phosphorus source to enhance the growth of spinach in acid soil

The use of nano-gypsum in low doses can be an innovative method to mitigate salinity-sodicity effects and enhance spinach growth in saline-sodic soil. We evaluated nano-gypsum in four low doses of 960, 480, 240, and 120 kg ha−1, in addition to the control and the recommended conventional gypsum dose (~ 30 t ha−1), in a randomized complete pot experiment. The pots of soil were incubated in a laboratory for 2 months and leached 5 times for another 2 months. Then, spinach was grown in the soil for 60 days. The nano-gypsum dose of 240 kg ha−1 with leaching was the best at improving the soil and spinach growth characteristics compared with the other doses and both control and conventional gypsum rate. Moreover, it was considered the critical nano-gypsum threshold rate. Compared to control after soil leaching, the critical rate increased the water-stable aggregate index and reduced bulk density by 57.39% and 16.30%, respectively; accordingly, the saturated hydraulic conductivity increased up to 2.34 times. Improved hydraulic conductivity led to a decrease in exchangeable Na ratio by 91% and reduced both soil salinity and pH by 83% and 1 unit, respectively. These great improvements in the soil properties favored the spinach growth indicators, which increased leaf area index, root hair index, and fresh yield by 2.20, 4.41, and 1.29 times, respectively, when compared to the recommended conventional gypsum rate. Accordingly, nano-gypsum in low doses is considered an innovative alternative to high doses of conventional gypsum to mitigate salinity-sodicity effects and enhance spinach growth in saline-sodic soil.

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Amendment with Nanoparticulate Gypsum Enhances Spinach Growth in Saline-Sodic Soil

Salama¹,

El‐Halim

Mahmoud

et al. 2022

J Soil Sci Plant Nutr

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Zero-valent iron reduces cadmium and arsenic accumulation in spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.)

Nakamura,

Osaki,

Watanabe

2023

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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Effect of different phosphorus sources on P-uptake and yield of rice in acidic soil: a study of phosphorus availability dynamics

Kalidas-Singh,

Thakuria,

Samarendra

et al. 2024

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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Examination of nanoparticulate phosphate rock as both a liming agent and phosphorus source to enhance the growth of spinach in acid soil

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Amendment with Nanoparticulate Gypsum Enhances Spinach Growth in Saline-Sodic Soil

Amendment with Nanoparticulate Gypsum Enhances Spinach Growth in Saline-Sodic Soil

Zero-valent iron reduces cadmium and arsenic accumulation in spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.)

Effect of different phosphorus sources on P-uptake and yield of rice in acidic soil: a study of phosphorus availability dynamics

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