Examination of mercury inputs by throughfall and litterfall in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Fisher, L. Suzanne; Wolfe, Mark H.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.10.017

Cited by 26 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Hg fluxes through litterfall in the rural areas of China were 1.4-4.7 times higher than the means observed in North America (13.3 ± 5.8 µg m −2 yr −1 ) and Europe (16.5 ± 8.7 µg m −2 yr −1 ) (Munthe et al, 1995;Rea et al, 1996;Lee et al, 2000;Schwesig and Matzner, 2000;St. Louis et al, 2001;Lindberg et al, 2007;Larssen et al, 2008;Fisher and Wolfe, 2012;Juillerat et al, 2012;, but approximately 2.2 times lower than those (mean: 84.4 ± 49.0 µg m −2 yr −1 ) measured in South America (Roulet et al, 1998;Fostier et al, 2003;Mélières et al, 2003;Magarelli and Fostier, 2005;Silva-Filho et al, 2006;Teixeira et al, 2012). Global Hg fluxes through litterfall were positively correlated with both Hg concentrations in litterfall (r 2 = 0.69, p < 0.01) and litterfall biomass production (r 2 = 0.70, p < 0.01) (Fig.…”

Section: Comparison With Observations In Other Regions Worldwidementioning

confidence: 63%

“…Additionally, mean Hg concentrations in litterfall at the rural sites of China (63.3 ± 29.0 ng g −1 ) were elevated by a factor of 1.4 compared to that (44.0 ± 10.4 ng g −1 ) in North America and Europe (Munthe et al, 1995;Rea et al, 1996;Lee et al, 2000;Schwesig and Matzner, 2000;St. Louis et al, 2001;Lindberg et al, 2007;Larssen et al, 2008;Fisher and Wolfe, 2012;Juillerat et al, 2012;. This could be partly attributed to the elevated TGM concentrations (Fig.…”

Section: Comparison With Observations In Other Regions Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data are from this study, the literature, and references therein (EMEP; Munthe et al, 1995Munthe et al, , 2003Lee et al, 2000;Schwesig and Matzner, 2000;St. Louis et al, 2001;Pirrone et al, 2003;Swartzendruber et al, 2006;Wang, 2006;Yatavelli et al, 2006;Demers et al, 2007;Lindberg et al, 2007;Valente et al, 2007;Bushey et al, 2008;Choi et al, 2008;Larssen et al, 2008;Li et al, 2008;Fain et al, 2009;Peterson et al, 2009;Prestbo and Gay, 2009;Song et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2009;Engle et al, 2010;Sprovieri et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2011;Fisher and Wolfe, 2012;Fu et al, 2012b;Juillerat et al, 2012;X. T. Zhang et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2013;Zhu et al, 2014;Fu et al, 2015bFu et al, , 2016Ma et al, 2016).…”

Section: Relative Contribution Of Wet and Litterfall Deposition To Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data are from this study and the literature (Iverfeldt, 1991;Rea et al, 1996;Roulet et al, 1998;Fostier et al, 2000;Grigal et al, 2000;Schwesig and Matzner, 2000;St. Louis et al, 2001;Mélières et al, 2003;Magarelli and Fostier, 2005;Sheehan et al, 2006;Silva-Filho et al, 2006;Demers et al, 2007;Wangberg et al, 2007;Bushey et al, 2008;Larssen et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2009;Fu et al, 2010b;Fisher and Wolfe, 2012;Juillerat et al, 2012;Teixeira et al, 2012;Benoit et al, 2013;Ma et al, 2016). 2008; Fisher and Wolfe, 2012;Juillerat et al, 2012;, which is the dominant factor causing the difference in litterfall Hg fluxes between China and North America/Europe. It is worth noting that most (five out of the six) observations at the rural sites of China were made in subtropical moist forests, where the litterfall biomass productions are larger than those in the temperate and boreal forests in North America and Europe (Xiong and Nilsson, 1997;Running et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2008).…”

Section: Comparison With Observations In Other Regions Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Litterfall samples were collected using litterfall collectors (0.25 m 2 at MLG and 1.0 m 2 at MCB, MDM, and MAL) at the sampling sites (St. Louis et al, 2001;Fisher and Wolfe, 2012;. The collectors were constructed using an untreated wood frame and a Nylon net bottom with a pore size of 1.0 mm × 1.0 mm.…”

Section: Collection and Analysis Of Litterfall Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric wet and litterfall mercury deposition at urban and rural sites in China

Yang

Lang

et al. 2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Mercury (Hg) concentrations and deposition fluxes in precipitation and litterfall were measured at multiple sites (six rural sites and an urban site) across a broad geographic area in China. The annual deposition fluxes of Hg in precipitation at rural sites and an urban site were 2.0 to 7.2 and 12.6 ± 6.5 µg m −2 yr −1 , respectively. Wet deposition fluxes of Hg at rural sites showed a clear regional difference with elevated deposition fluxes in the subtropical zone, followed by the temporal zone and arid/semi-arid zone. Precipitation depth is the primary influencing factor causing the variation of wet deposition. Hg fluxes through litterfall ranged from 22.8 to 62.8 µg m −2 yr −1 , higher than the wet deposition fluxes by a factor of 3.9 to 8.7 and representing approximately 75 % of the total Hg deposition at the forest sites in China. This suggests that uptake of atmospheric Hg by foliage is the dominant pathway to remove atmospheric Hg in forest ecosystems in China. Wet deposition fluxes of Hg at rural sites of China were generally lower compared to those in North America and Europe, possibly due to a combination of lower precipitation depth, lower GOM concentrations in the troposphere and the generally lower cloud base heights at most sites that wash out a smaller amount of GOM and PBM during precipitation events.

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Section: Comparison With Observations In Other Regions Worldwidementioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Comparison With Observations In Other Regions Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relative Contribution Of Wet and Litterfall Deposition To Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison With Observations In Other Regions Worldwidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Collection and Analysis Of Litterfall Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric wet and litterfall mercury deposition at urban and rural sites in China

Yang

Lang

et al. 2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Enhanced accumulation and storage of mercury on subtropical evergreen forest floor: Implications on mercury budget in global forest ecosystems

et al. 2016

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Forest ecosystems play an important role in the global cycling of mercury (Hg). In this study, we characterized the Hg cycling at a remote evergreen broadleaf (EB) forest site in southwest China (Mount Ailao). The annual Hg input via litterfall is estimated to be 75.0 ± 24.2 µg m−2 yr−1 at Mount Ailao. Such a quantity is up to 1 order of magnitude greater than those observed at remote temperate/boreal (T/B) forest sites. Production of litter biomass is found to be the most influential factor causing the high Hg input to the EB forest. Given their large areal coverage, Hg deposition through litterfall in EB forests is appropriately 9 ± 5 Mg yr−1 in China and 1086 ± 775 Mg yr−1 globally. The observed wet Hg deposition at Mount Ailao is 4.9 ± 4.5 µg m−2 yr−1, falling in the lower range of those observed at 49 T/B forest sites in North America and Europe. Given the data, the Hg deposition flux through litterfall is approximately 15 times higher than the wet Hg deposition at Mount Ailao. Steady Hg accumulation in decomposing litter biomass and Hg uptake from the environment were observed during 25 months of litter decomposition. The size of the Hg pool in the organic horizon of EB forest floors is estimated to be up to 2–10 times the typical pool size in T/B forests. This study highlights the importance of EB forest ecosystems in global Hg cycling, which requires further assessment when more data become available in tropical forests.

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Deposition of mercury in forests across a montane elevation gradient: Elevational and seasonal patterns in methylmercury inputs and production

et al. 2017

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Global mercury contamination largely results from direct primary atmospheric and secondary legacy emissions, which can be deposited to ecosystems, converted to methylmercury, and bioaccumulated along food chains. We examined organic horizon soil samples collected across an elevational gradient on Whiteface Mountain in the Adirondack region of New York State, USA to determine spatial patterns in methylmercury concentrations across a forested montane landscape. We found that soil methylmercury concentrations were highest in the midelevation coniferous zone (0.39 ± 0.07 ng/g) compared to the higher elevation alpine zone (0.28 ± 0.04 ng/g) and particularly the lower elevation deciduous zone (0.17 ± 0.02 ng/g), while the percent of total mercury as methylmercury in soils decreased with elevation. We also found a seasonal pattern in soil methylmercury concentrations, with peak methylmercury values occurring in July. Given elevational patterns in temperature and bioavailable total mercury (derived from mineralization of soil organic matter), soil methylmercury concentrations appear to be driven by soil processing of ionic Hg, as opposed to atmospheric deposition of methylmercury. These methylmercury results are consistent with spatial patterns of mercury concentrations in songbird species observed from other studies, suggesting that future declines in mercury emissions could be important for reducing exposure of mercury to montane avian species.

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Examination of mercury inputs by throughfall and litterfall in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Cited by 26 publications

References 20 publications

Atmospheric wet and litterfall mercury deposition at urban and rural sites in China

Atmospheric wet and litterfall mercury deposition at urban and rural sites in China

Enhanced accumulation and storage of mercury on subtropical evergreen forest floor: Implications on mercury budget in global forest ecosystems

Deposition of mercury in forests across a montane elevation gradient: Elevational and seasonal patterns in methylmercury inputs and production

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