Examination of High School Students’ Learned Resourcefulness: A Review of Gender, Parental Attitudes, and Values

Abstract

High school education is a process involving quite challenging life situations such as university entrance exam preparation, career choice, as well as autonomy development. While some students overcome with the difficulties successfully, the others might not demonstrate the same skills. The differences among students are explained with learned resourcefulness. Many factors such as the relationships with parents have an effect to develop learned resourcefulness. In this study, determination of the predictive power of gender, parental attitudes, and values on learned resourcefulness of high school students were aimed. The study is designed according to the survey model. The sample consisted of 420 (F=202; M=218) high school students studying in different schools in Istanbul. Parental Attitude Scale, Rosembaum's Learned Resourcefulness Scale, Schwartz Value Scale, and personal information sheet were used as measurements. Results showed that gender, parental attitudes and values had predictive power on learned resourcefulness. It was also gained that mother and father educational levels had significant effects on learned resourcefulness, whereas number of siblings and birth order did not yield any effects. The result indicated that effects of parents' on their children must be investigated in terms of cultural themes.

A Research on the Learned Resourcefulness and Psychological Vulnerability Levels of the School of Physical Education and Sports Students

“…There are various researches in literature about the effect of gender on learned resourcefulness. Within the context of gender, different findings were obtained in the studies carried out in our country (Erden S.& Ümmet D. (2014) In other research, the findings revealed that in general, the students' self-acceptance level increased in the four-year period that included university education. With respect to gender, the self acceptance level of female students was found to increase during their university education, while no difference was observed in that of male students.…”

“…According to Rosenbaum, the skills under the learned resourcefulness are learned through informal ways from an early age and the learned resourcefulness levels vary in individuals raised in different environments (Rosenbaum 1983). Such skills developed under the learned resourcefulness are closely related to life stories and experiences of individuals (Erden, 2014).…”

Resourcefulness

“…As for the target populations, both measurements were generally developed for assessing the resourcefulness of adults. However, Rosenbaum’s SCS Scale has been used in diverse studies investigating adolescents (Bilgin & Akkapulu, 2007; Bingol & Buzlu, 2016; Erden & Ümmet, 2014; Huang & Guo, 2009; Huang, Sousa, Tu, Hwang, 2005; Turkel & Tezer, 2008) and adult children’s resourcefulness (Akgun & Ciarrochi, 2003; Benedict, Jason, & Katesy, 2008; Ceyhan, 2006; Ceyhan & Ceyhan, 2011; Ginter et al, 1988; Goff, 2011; Kennett, 1994; Kennett & Keefer, 2006; McWhirter, 1997).…”

The Mediator Role of Learned Resourcefulness in the Relationship between Parent Attitudes and Decision-Making Styles: A Mixed Method Research

“…Parental attitudes also shape how the child will react to stressful life events in his/her future life and what kind of behavioral repertoire he/she will have in these situations. These behavioral repertoires also determine the learned resilience level of the individual in adulthood (Erden & Ümmet, 2014). When the literature is reviewed, it is seen that there are significant relationships between parental attitudes and decision-making styles (Eldeleklioğlu, 1996;Öztürk et al, 2011), decision-making styles and learned resilience (Atsızelti et al, 2017;Deniz, 2004;Ertural, 2019;Salo & Alwood, 2011;Uygur, 2018) and parental attitudes and learned resilience (Coşkun, 2008;Erden & Ümmet, 2014;Hamarta et al, 2010).…”

“…These behavioral repertoires also determine the learned resilience level of the individual in adulthood (Erden & Ümmet, 2014). When the literature is reviewed, it is seen that there are significant relationships between parental attitudes and decision-making styles (Eldeleklioğlu, 1996;Öztürk et al, 2011), decision-making styles and learned resilience (Atsızelti et al, 2017;Deniz, 2004;Ertural, 2019;Salo & Alwood, 2011;Uygur, 2018) and parental attitudes and learned resilience (Coşkun, 2008;Erden & Ümmet, 2014;Hamarta et al, 2010). However, it is seen that the studies conducted are not sufficient to examine the variables affecting this structure in terms of indirect relationships because of the fact that decision-making behavior is a complex structure that can be explained by the interaction of many different factors.…”