Examination of Factors Affecting Gait Properties in Healthy Older Adults

Demura, Tomohiro; Demura, Shinichi; Uchiyama, Masanobu; Sugiura, Hiroki

doi:10.1519/jpt.0b013e318295daba

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Pain has been linked to mobility deficits (Karttunen et al, 2012 ; Demura et al, 2014 ), and may disrupt the automaticity of walking through a number of mechanisms. One is intentional avoidance of pain (de Gier et al, 2003 ) in which an individual may consciously adjust his movements in order to minimize the occurrence of pain.…”

Section: Mechanistic Factors That Influence Automaticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Automaticity of walking: functional significance, mechanisms, measurement and rehabilitation strategies

Clark

2015

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

302

276

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Automaticity is a hallmark feature of walking in adults who are healthy and well-functioning. In the context of walking, “automaticity” refers to the ability of the nervous system to successfully control typical steady state walking with minimal use of attention-demanding executive control resources. Converging lines of evidence indicate that walking deficits and disorders are characterized in part by a shift in the locomotor control strategy from healthy automaticity to compensatory executive control. This is potentially detrimental to walking performance, as an executive control strategy is not optimized for locomotor control. Furthermore, it places excessive demands on a limited pool of executive reserves. The result is compromised ability to perform basic and complex walking tasks and heightened risk for adverse mobility outcomes including falls. Strategies for rehabilitation of automaticity are not well defined, which is due to both a lack of systematic research into the causes of impaired automaticity and to a lack of robust neurophysiological assessments by which to gauge automaticity. These gaps in knowledge are concerning given the serious functional implications of compromised automaticity. Therefore, the objective of this article is to advance the science of automaticity of walking by consolidating evidence and identifying gaps in knowledge regarding: (a) functional significance of automaticity; (b) neurophysiology of automaticity; (c) measurement of automaticity; (d) mechanistic factors that compromise automaticity; and (e) strategies for rehabilitation of automaticity.

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Section: Mechanistic Factors That Influence Automaticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Automaticity of walking: functional significance, mechanisms, measurement and rehabilitation strategies

Clark

2015

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

302

276

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“…A recent survey in India reported that the prevalence of OA in the elderly over 65 years of age was 60.3% in urban populations and 32.6% in rural populations 3 ) , and knee OA affects approximately 9.3 million Americans 4 ) . Knee OA is accompanied by pain and weakening of the quadriceps in general 5 ) , and it affects a person’s walking ability 6 ) . The weakening of the quadriceps in particular makes the knee joint unstable, thereby resulting in less frequent use of the knee joint, and as a result, weakening of the muscle worsens 7 ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of isometric exercise using biofeedback on maximum voluntary isometric contraction, pain, and muscle thickness in patients with knee osteoarthritis

et al. 2015

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[Purpose] The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of isometric exercises using electromyographic biofeedback (EMGBF) and ultrasound biofeedback (USBF) on maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), pain assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and vastus medialis oblique (VMO) thickness in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). [Subjects and Methods] Thirty females over 65 years of age who had been diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis were recruited and randomly assigned to three groups, each comprising of 10 subjects. The Subjects in the EMGBF training and USBF training groups were trained with the corresponding physical training exercise program targeting the vastus medialis oblique, whereas the subjects in the control group were treated with conventional physical therapies, such as a hot pack, ultrasound, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Subjects in each group were trained or treated for 20 min, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. [Results] The MVIC in the EMGBF and USBF training groups was significantly increased compared with that in the control group, and the VAS score (for measurement of pain) in the EMGBF and USBF training groups was significantly decreased compared with that in the control group. Only the EMGBF training group showed a significantly increased VMO thickness compared with before training. [Conclusion] These results suggest that USBF training is similar to EMGBF training in terms of its effectiveness and is helpful for treating patients with knee OA.

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“…Knee pain may cause fear of falls, and that has been found to cause gait changes in a knee OA population26,27,28 ) . The lack of any significant change in 6MWDs despite the improvements in aggravating pain score is probably due to the limited strengthening and cardiopulmonary-training components of Ai Chi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Ai Chi aquatic therapy on individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study

Kong

Lee

et al. 2017

J Phys Ther Sci

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[Purpose] To examine the efficacy of Ai Chi in relieving the pain and stiffness of knee osteoarthritis and improving, physical functioning, proprioception and quality of life. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-five persons with knee osteoarthritis completed 5 weeks Ai Chi practice (60 minutes per session, twice per week, 10 sessions in total). Knee pain and stiffness were measured before and after the intervention program. [Results] Significant improvements in pain, self-perceived physical functioning and self-perceived stiffness were observed after the Ai-Chi intervention. On average, no significant change in knee range of motion, 6-minute walk test distances or proprioception was observed. [Conclusion] A five-week Ai Chi intervention can improve the pain and stiffness of knee osteoarthritis and self-perceived physical functions and quality of life improvement. Ai Chi may be another treatment choice for people with knee OA to practice in the community.

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Examination of Factors Affecting Gait Properties in Healthy Older Adults

Abstract: A decrease of knee extension strength and visual acuity and knee joint pain are factors affecting gait in the female older adults. Decreased knee extension strength and knee joint pain mainly affect respective distance and time parameters of the gait.

Cited by 18 publications

References 32 publications

Automaticity of walking: functional significance, mechanisms, measurement and rehabilitation strategies

Automaticity of walking: functional significance, mechanisms, measurement and rehabilitation strategies

Effects of isometric exercise using biofeedback on maximum voluntary isometric contraction, pain, and muscle thickness in patients with knee osteoarthritis

The effect of Ai Chi aquatic therapy on individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study

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