Examination of detailed frequency behavior of quartz resonators under low dose exposures to proton radiation

Weaver, Gregory; Reinhart, M.J.; Sequeira, H. B.; Stapor, W.J.

doi:10.1109/freq.2004.1418480

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The proton flux ranges and frequency changes from the screening data are similar in magnitude with the solar wind data and GRAIL USO behavior described above. Also found in the screening results were varying polarities of frequency change, annealing character and irregular (non-linear) reactions [6]. …”

Section: Comparison To Previous In-flight Uso Exposure and Ground mentioning

confidence: 99%

GRAIL USOs; Another in-flight quartz radiation experiment

Weaver

Asmar

Oudrhiri

2013

2013 Joint European Frequency and Time Forum &Amp; International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFC)

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The Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission successfully ended in December, 2012 after an extended science phase of over 280 days mapping the gravitation field gradient of the Moon with a precision of better than 50 E-6 g's over the entire lunar surface. The mission was performed by two tandem flying spacecraft, both of which carried a Microwave Dual One-way Ranging (DOWR) instrument that together formed a highly precise relative measure of the distance between the two spacecraft as they orbited the Moon.The precision of the radio link maintained by the DOWR instruments was derived from the frequency stability of the ultra-stable oscillators (USOs) on-board each spacecraft. The opportunity to observe the USOs frequency throughout the GRAIL mission provides a record of not only the intrinsic performance of the oscillators, but their behavior during exposure to space conditions. We describe the effect to the frequency of each GRAIL USO, A and B, resulting from the March 7th, 2012 X5.4 level solar flare, just several days into GRAIL's science collection phase. We discuss the impact of this radiation exposure, and the asymmetric behavior of two USOs coincidentally perturbed by the same space-weather event.

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Section: Comparison To Previous In-flight Uso Exposure and Ground mentioning

confidence: 99%

GRAIL USOs; Another in-flight quartz radiation experiment

Weaver

Asmar

Oudrhiri

2013

2013 Joint European Frequency and Time Forum &Amp; International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFC)

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“…The low dose effects were attributed to the converse piezoelectric effect in which the radiation-induced charge accumulation in the quartz leads to a build-up of a stress field in the resonator [60].…”

Section: Quartzmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aluminum impurities are recognized to be the main reason for radiation-sensitivity of α-Quartz [9], [59], [60]. The aluminum can take the place of silicon in the crystal lattice.…”

Section: Quartzmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of MEMS materials: reliability investigations by mechanical- and HRXRD-characterization related to environmental testing

2014

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The performance and aging of MEMS often rely on the stability of the mechanical properties over time and under harsh conditions. An overview is given on methods to investigate small variations of the mechanical properties of structural MEMS materials by functional characterization, high-resolution x-ray diffraction methods (HR-XRD) and environmental testing. The measurement of the dynamical properties of micro-resonators is a powerful method for the investigation of elasticity variations in structures relevant to microtechnology. X-ray diffraction techniques are used to analyze residual strains and deformations with high accuracy and in a non-destructive manner at surfaces and in buried micro-structures. The influence of elevated temperatures and radiation damage on the performance of resonant microstructures with a focus on quartz and single crystal silicon is discussed and illustrated with examples including work done in our laboratories at CSEM and EPFL.

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