Background
Diabetes is a highly prevalent and costly disease. Studies indicate that
combined diet and physical activity promotion programs can prevent type 2 diabetes among
persons at increased risk.
Purpose
To systematically evaluate the evidence on cost, cost-effectiveness, and
cost-benefit estimates of diet and physical activity promotion programs.
Data Sources
Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, Web of
Science, EconLit, and CINAHL through 7 April 2015.
Study Selection
English-language studies from high-income countries that provided data on cost,
cost-effectiveness, or cost-benefit ratios of diet and physical activity promotion
programs with at least 2 sessions over at least 3 months delivered to persons at
increased risk for type 2 diabetes.
Data Extraction
Dual abstraction and assessment of relevant study details.
Data Synthesis
Twenty-eight studies were included. Costs were expressed in 2013 U.S. dollars.
The median program cost per participant was $653. Costs were lower for
group-based programs (median, $417) and programs implemented in community or
primary care settings (median, $424) than for the U.S. DPP (Diabetes Prevention
Program) trial and the DPP Outcomes Study ($5881). Twenty-two studies assessed
the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of the programs. From a health system
perspective, 16 studies reported a median ICER of $13 761 per quality-adjusted
life-year (QALY) saved. Group-based programs were more cost-effective (median,
$1819 per QALY) than those that used individual sessions (median, $15
846 per QALY). No cost-benefit studies were identified.
Limitation
Information on recruitment costs and cost-effectiveness of translational
programs implemented in community and primary care settings was limited.
Conclusion
Diet and physical activity promotion programs to prevent type 2 diabetes are
cost-effective among persons at increased risk. Costs are lower when programs are
delivered to groups in community or primary care settings.
Primary Funding Source
None.