Examination of a lumbar spine biomechanical model for assessing axial compression, shear, and bending moment using selected Olympic lifts

Abstract

These results show the model's potential as a diagnostic tool.

Acute Physiological Response of Lumbar Intervertebral Discs to High-load Deadlift Exercise

“…Intradiscal water movement is suppressed by applying compression force to the lumbar intervertebral disc. 11,12 Eltoukhy et al 1 calculated, using a biomechanical spine model based on motion capturing, that the lumbar vertebrae are subject to axial compressive force (6488-7963N), shear force (1220-1903N), and bending moment (685-747 Nm) during the deadlift with a weight corresponding to approximately 75% of the one repetition maximum. They also found that the axial compressive force reaches a maximum at up-right standing position during the deadlift.…”

“…This exercise is effective in strengthening the back and lower extremity muscles, but the lumbar spine is subject to mechanical stress such as shear and compression forces during deadlift. [1][2][3][4] The stress is expected to become greater with increasing exercise weight. Therefore, the lumbar region is most susceptible to injury during high-load deadlift.…”

Effects of Massage as a Combination Therapy with Lumbopelvic Stability Exercises as Compared to Standard Massage Therapy in Low Back Pain: a Randomized Cross-Over Study

“…( 1 , 2 ) During competitive weightlifting, each lift results in a huge bending moment and compressive axial load greater than 17,000 Newton which produces a strong forward shear force from the centre of the vertebral body, contributing to instability of lumbar spine. ( 3 , 4 ) The heavy lifting and loading of weights expose the lumbar region to risk of injuries, particularly to the intervertebral discs, ligaments, and muscles of the lumbar spine. ( 4 , 5 ) Thus, elite weight lifters can encounter an 85% chance of injuries to the low back region and experience a high prevalence of low back pain.…”

“…( 3 , 4 ) The heavy lifting and loading of weights expose the lumbar region to risk of injuries, particularly to the intervertebral discs, ligaments, and muscles of the lumbar spine. ( 4 , 5 ) Thus, elite weight lifters can encounter an 85% chance of injuries to the low back region and experience a high prevalence of low back pain. ( 6 , 7 ) Therefore, rehabilitation of back pain and back care of athletes involved in weight lifting sports are some of the most pertinent issues to coaches, sports scientists, and clinicians.…”

Comparison of Effects Between Core Stability Training and Sports Massage Therapy Among Elite Weightlifters with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Cross-Over Study

“…In literature, weightlifting is referred to Olympic-style weightlifting but not power lifting, body building or general weight training; and elite weightlifters are professional athletes who train to compete in the weightlifting sport at Olympic level games (2). The high intensity, hard training regime and extreme physical performance of the sport may expose athletes to several musculoskeletal injuries (3,4). The common body sites for injuries include lower back, knee and shoulder amongst which lower back region accounts for 40.8% to 64% of injuries among elite weightlifters (5,6).…”