Exact Versus Probabilistic Coefficients of Relationship: Some Implications for Sociobiology

Barash, David P.; Holmes, Warren G.; Greene, Penelope J.

doi:10.1086/283278

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The same applies to structural features of the genome, such as the number and size of the chromosomes. Hypotheses depending on the variance‐reducing effects of recombination: when many heterozygous loci are spread throughout the maternal genome, recombination reduces the variance of the number of shared alleles between two offspring that are identical by descent. In other words, the kinship (or relatedness) coefficient between the members of the colony measured over the complete genome is more uniform than without recombination (Barash et al. , 1978; Sherman, 1979; Templeton, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High recombination frequency creates genotypic diversity in colonies of the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex echinatior

Sirviö

Gadau

Rueppell

et al. 2006

Journal of Evolutionary Biology

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Honeybees are known to have genetically diverse colonies because queens mate with many males and the recombination rate is extremely high. Genetic diversity among social insect workers has been hypothesized to improve general performance of large and complex colonies, but this idea has not been tested in other social insects. Here, we present a linkage map and an estimate of the recombination rate for Acromyrmex echinatior, a leaf‐cutting ant that resembles the honeybee in having multiple mating of queens and colonies of approximately the same size. A map of 145 AFLP markers in 22 linkage groups yielded a total recombinational size of 2076 cM and an inferred recombination rate of 161 kb cM−1 (or 6.2 cM Mb−1). This estimate is lower than in the honeybee but, as far as the mapping criteria can be compared, higher than in any other insect mapped so far. Earlier studies on A. echinatior have demonstrated that variation in division of labour and pathogen resistance has a genetic component and that genotypic diversity among workers may thus give colonies of this leaf‐cutting ant a functional advantage. The present result is therefore consistent with the hypothesis that complex social life can select for an increased recombination rate through effects on genotypic diversity and colony performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High recombination frequency creates genotypic diversity in colonies of the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex echinatior

Sirviö

Gadau

Rueppell

et al. 2006

Journal of Evolutionary Biology

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“…This expected pro portion gives a convenient summary measure of genetic identity for two relatives. However, this measure has two problems, as pointed out by several authors [5,9], While the single locus genetic identity between parent and off spring is exactly 50% for all autosomal loci, the genetic identity between two full siblings is also 50% on average. The variances of the genetic identities for the parent-offspring pair and the sib pair are 0 and y (12.5%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Genetic Identity among Relatives

Guo¹

1996

Hum Hered

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Genetic identity, or genetic relatedness, among relatives, is a key concept in kin recognition, which in turn is important in models for inclusive fitness and inbreeding avoidance. A mathematical definition is presented for the genetic identity based on the proportion of genome shared identical by descent by two relatives. The method of Guo [Am J Hum Genet 1995;56:1468–1476] is used to compute the variance of the genetic identity for various types of relationships. The method is versatile and can handle any kind of relationship. To illustrate the method, the standard errors of the genetic identity using published human genetic maps are computed.

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“…But the same practical asymmetry could apply to a sibling relationship. A sibling who acts as a 'helper at the nest' (BROWN 1975) is always older than the nestlings he feeds. The asymmetric strategy (MAYNARD SMITH and PARKER 1976) 'feed young nestlings in the nest from which you have just fledged' is no more subject to CHARLESWORTH'S problem than ordinary parental care is.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twelve Misunderstandings of Kin Selection

Dawkins

1979

Zeitschrift Für Tierpsychologie

385

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Hamilton's theory of kin selection is much misunderstood. This paper lists and refutes 12 of the commonest misunderstandings, for example: “Kin selection is a special, complex kind of natural selection, as opposed to ‘individual selection’”; “Kin selection is a form of group selection”; “All species members share the majority of their genes, so selection should favour universal altruism”; “Kin selection only works for rare genes”; “Individuals should tend to inbreed, simply because that brings close relatives into the world”. The exposing of common errors such as these is a constructive, not a destructive, exercise. Zusammenfassung Aus Hamilton's Theorie der Verwandtenselektion (kin selection) wurden verschiedentlich falsche Folgerungen gezogen, und das hat zu Mißtrauen gegenüber der Theorie Anlaß gegeben. Hier werden — ohne die Mathematik zu bemühen — zwölf häufige Irrtümer besprochen und richtiggestellt: (1) Verwandtenselektion ist eine besondere Form der natürlichen Selektion. — (2) Verwandtenselektion ist eine Form der Gruppenselektion. — (3) Verwandtenselektion erfordert erstaunliche Berechnungsfähigkeiten der Tiere. — (4) Ein „Gen für Altruismus” ist schwer vorstellbar. — (5) Alle Artgenossen haben die Mehrzahl ihrer Gene gemeinsam, also sollte die Selektion einen universellen Altruismus fördern. — (6) Verwandtenselektion funktioniert nur bei seltenen Genen. — (7) Altruismus ist notwendigerweise zu fordern unter genetisch gleichen Klon‐Mitgliedern. — (8) Sterile Arbeiterinnen sorgen füreinander, weil sie besonders nah miteinander verwandt sind. — (9) Trivers' Theorie vom Eltern‐Kind‐Konflikt gilt nicht für monogame Arten. — (10) Individuen sollten zur Inzucht tendieren, weil das besonders nahe Verwandte in die Welt setzt. — (11) Wenn Verwandtschaft eher probabilistisch exakt erfaßt ist, dann werden Altruisten diejenigen Verwandten bevorzugen, die ihnen am meisten gleichen. — (12) Tiere sollten ihren Altruismus entsprechend dem jeweiligen Grad der Verwandtschaft auf ihre Verwandten verteilen.

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Exact Versus Probabilistic Coefficients of Relationship: Some Implications for Sociobiology

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

High recombination frequency creates genotypic diversity in colonies of the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex echinatior

High recombination frequency creates genotypic diversity in colonies of the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex echinatior

Variation in Genetic Identity among Relatives

Twelve Misunderstandings of Kin Selection

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