Exacerbation of psychosis risk during the COVID-19 pandemic: The disproportionate impact on the lower income population

Loch, Alexandre Andrade; Mota, Natália Bezerra; Rössler, Wulf; Gattaz, Wagner F.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114319

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, a lower educational level emerged as a risk factor. Although this supports what has been shown in previous work ( 10 , 44 ), we interpret this finding with caution, as the most frequent level of education completed by the CHR-positive individuals in our sample was high school, which represents a high or above-average educational level for the Mexican population ( 108 ). Therefore, more research in larger and more representative Mexican samples is required to confirm it as a risk factor.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In line with prior studies (e.g., 10 , 40 ), findings regarding sociodemographic characteristics showed that being older is a protective factor, as it was associated with a lower risk of screening positive for CHR. Furthermore, a lower educational level emerged as a risk factor.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Second, the prevalence in this sample could be related to the recent impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Worldwide, several studies have shown an increase in mental health problems in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic ( 92–95 ), including an increase in psychotic-like experiences ( 9 , 10 , 11 , 96 ). However, due to the lack of pre-pandemic studies on the prevalence of CHR in the Mexican population, we are unable to draw any conclusions regarding the impact of the pandemic in this respect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychosocial factors associated with the risk of developing psychosis in a Mexican general population sample

Domínguez-Mártínez

Sheinbaum²,

Fresán³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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Epidemiological evidence has linked an array of sociodemographic and psychosocial factors with an increased risk of developing psychosis. However, research in samples from low- and middle-income countries is still scarce. This study used a Mexican sample to explore (i) sociodemographic and psychosocial differences between individuals with and without a positive screen for Clinical High-Risk for psychosis (CHR), and (ii) sociodemographic and psychosocial factors associated with screening positive for CHR. The sample consisted of 822 individuals from the general population who completed an online survey. Of the participants, 17.3% (n = 142) met the CHR screening criteria. Comparisons between those who screened positive (CHR-positive group) and those who did not (Non-CHR group) showed that participants in the CHR-positive group were younger, had a lower educational level, and reported more mental health problems than the Non-CHR group. Furthermore, relative to the Non-CHR group, the CHR-positive group had a greater prevalence of medium/high risk associated with cannabis use, a higher prevalence of adverse experiences (bullying, intimate partner violence, and experiencing a violent or unexpected death of a relative or friend), as well as higher levels of childhood maltreatment, poorer family functioning, and more distress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Groups did not differ in sex, marital/relationship status, occupation, and socio-economic status. Finally, when examined in multivariate analyses, the variables associated with screening positive for CHR were: having an unhealthy family functioning (OR = 2.75, 95%CI 1.69–4.46), a higher risk associated with cannabis use (OR = 2.75, 95%CI 1.63–4.64), a lower level of education (OR = 1.55, 95%CI 1.003–2.54), having experienced a major natural disaster (OR = 1.94, 95%CI 1.18–3.16), having experienced a violent or unexpected death of a relative or friend (OR = 1.85, 95%CI 1.22–2.81), higher levels of childhood emotional abuse (OR = 1.88, 95%CI 1.09–3.25), physical neglect (OR = 1.68, 95%CI 1.08–2.61), and physical abuse (OR = 1.66, 95%CI 1.05–2.61), and higher COVID-related distress (OR = 1.10, 95%CI 1.01–1.20). An older age was a protective factor for screening positive for CHR (OR = 0.96, 95%CI 0.92–0.99). Overall, the findings highlight the importance of examining potential psychosocial contributors to psychosis vulnerability across different sociocultural contexts to delineate risk and protective processes relevant to specific populations and better target preventive intervention efforts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Psychosocial factors associated with the risk of developing psychosis in a Mexican general population sample

Domínguez-Mártínez

Sheinbaum²,

Fresán³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Finally, it is worth mentioning that since publishing our initial report ( 1 ), much research continues to highlight the widespread negative impacts of the pandemic on mental health, for example: Winter and Lavis ( 7 ), Chishima and Liu ( 8 ), Schafer et al ( 9 ), Lantos et al ( 10 ), Dettmann et al ( 11 ), Loch et al ( 12 ), and Pearce et al ( 13 ). However, as was true at the time of our first report, the effects of this crisis have not been homogenous, with some positive changes also being noted ( 14 – 17 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pandemic experience survey II: A second corpus of subjective reports of life under social restrictions during COVID-19 in the UK, Japan, and Mexico

James

Rodrigues

Montoya

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundIn August 2021, Froese et al. published survey data collected from 2,543 respondents on their subjective experiences living under imposed social distancing measures during COVID-19 (1). The questionnaire was issued to respondents in the UK, Japan, and Mexico. By combining the authors' expertise in phenomenological philosophy, phenomenological psychopathology, and enactive cognitive science, the questions were carefully phrased to prompt reports that would be useful to phenomenological investigation and theorizing (2-4). These questions reflected the various author's research interests (e.g., technology, grief, time).Between April 7th and July 31st, 2021, a second questionnaire with the same question set was issued to respondents of the original who had agreed to do a follow-up. This was intended to capture subjective reports of life under social distancing measures a year after the initial survey. By this time-depending on their country of residence and health status-respondents had potentially lived with repeated and prolonged lockdowns and a variety of other restrictions on their social lives.When taken together, Survey I and Survey II provide a cross-cultural and longitudinal dataset that allows for analysis of longer-term impacts of imposed social distancing measures on people's experiences. For researchers working in diverse disciplines, this dataset offers a rich resource that reflects people's reactions to the imposition of different social restrictions in different countries and over different time periods.

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“…With the aim of following up ARMS individuals, the Subclinical Symptoms and Prodromal Psychosis (SSAPP) project 21 sampled a population-based cohort of 7000 individuals aged between 18 and 36 years. This cohort was built through 3 waves of general population screenings, in 2016-2017, 2021 and 2022, and details on the procedures can be found elsewhere 21,22 . The present study capitalizes on data obtained in the second and third waves of recruitment.…”

Section: Sample and Procedures -Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deictic gestures impairment in individuals with at risk mental states for psychosis.

Lopes-Rocha

Ramos

Argôlo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Nonverbal communication (NVC) is a complex behavior that involves different modalities that are impaired in schizophrenia spectrum, including gesticulation. However, there are few studies that evaluate it in individuals with at-risk mental states (ARMS) for psychosis, mostly in developed countries. Given our prior findings of reduced movement during speech seen in Brazilian individuals with ARMS, we now aim to determine if this can be accounted for by reduced gesticulation behavior. Methods: 56 medication-naïve ARMS and 64 healthy controls were filmed during speech tasks. The frequency of specific coded gestures across four categories (and self-stimulatory behaviors) were compared between groups and tested for correlations with prodromal symptoms of the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS) and with the variables previously published. Results: ARMS individuals showed a reduction in one gesture category.Gesture frequency was negatively correlated with prodromal symptoms and positively correlated with the variables of amount of movement previously analyzed. Conclusion: The reduction in gesture performance observed agrees with literature findings in other cultural contexts in ARMS and schizophrenia subjects. The lack of differences for other categories might be related to differences within the ARMS group itself and the course of the disorder. These findings show the importance of analyzing NVC in ARMS and of considering different cultural and sociodemographic contexts in the search for markers of these states.

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Exacerbation of psychosis risk during the COVID-19 pandemic: The disproportionate impact on the lower income population

Cited by 11 publications

References 52 publications

Psychosocial factors associated with the risk of developing psychosis in a Mexican general population sample

Psychosocial factors associated with the risk of developing psychosis in a Mexican general population sample

The pandemic experience survey II: A second corpus of subjective reports of life under social restrictions during COVID-19 in the UK, Japan, and Mexico

Deictic gestures impairment in individuals with at risk mental states for psychosis.

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