Exacerbation of colon carcinogenesis by Blastocystis sp.

Kumarasamy, Vinoth; Kuppusamy, Umah Rani; Pailoor, Jayalakshmi; Samudi, Chandramathi; Ragavan, Nanthiney Devi; Kumar, Suresh

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183097

Cited by 42 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…infected AOM-rats compared to the AOM-treated controls. Higher levels of advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP) were also found in the serum [150], which is concordant with high plasma AOPP levels found in CRC patients compared to healthy individuals [151].…”

Section: Disruption Of Gut Bacteria Composition As Internal Pathogenisupporting

confidence: 69%

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Chronic inflammation evoked by pathogenic stimulus during carcinogenesis

Brücher

Jamall

2019

4open

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A pathogenic (biological or chemical) stimulus is the earliest information received by a cell that can result in the disruption of homeostasis with consequent development of disease. Chronic inflammation involves many cell types with numerous cytokines and signaling pathways, the release of different components by the cells, and the crosstalk provoked by such stimuli involving subclinical chronic inflammation and is mechanistically manifold. Exosomes secrete chemicals that trigger the epithelium to produce exosome-like nanoparticles promoting chronic inflammation. Small molecules, together with various cytokines, selectively target signaling pathways inducing crosstalk that suppress apoptosis. 16S rRNA gene sequencing has become routine to provide information on the composition and abundance of bacteria found in human tissues and in reservoirs. The deregulation of autophagy with chronic stimulation of inflammation is an early phenomenon in carcinogenesis. The disruption of cell–cell integrity enables transcellular CagA migration and triggers deregulation of autophagy with the net result being chronic inflammation. The complex and insidious nature of chronic inflammation can be seen both inside and outside the cell and even with intracellular nuclear fragments such as chromatin, which itself can elicit a chronic inflammatory response within the cytoplasm and affect autophagy. The ultimate result of unresolved chronic inflammation is fibrosis, a step before tissue remodeling results in the formation of a precancerous niche (PCN). Various pathogenic stimuli associated with different neoplasms result in persistent inflammation. This ongoing disruption of homeostasis in the micromilieu of cells, tissues, and organs is an essential preamble to carcinogenesis and occurs early in that process.

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Section: Disruption Of Gut Bacteria Composition As Internal Pathogenisupporting

confidence: 69%

“…was isolated from fecal samples and inoculated into rats treated with the carcinogen, azoxymethane (AOM), Blastocystis sp. co-treatment, and a control group [150]. Histologically, AOM-treated rats with co-administration of Blastocystis sp.…”

Section: Disruption Of Gut Bacteria Composition As Internal Pathogenimentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic inflammation evoked by pathogenic stimulus during carcinogenesis

Brücher

Jamall

2019

4open

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“…has a significant role in enhancing Azoxymethane (AOM) -induced carcinogenesis damage to the intestinal epithelium and oxidative damage were observed in rats infected with Blastocystis sp and the study proposed that Blastocystis sp. is a pathogen protozoa so it is necessary to screen cancer patients for this parasite (Kumarasamy et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is demonstrated that oxidative stress plays a critical role in the molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer (CRC) and is shown to be associated with Blastocystis sp, that is the most common intestinal protozoa (Kumarasamy et al, 2017). The pathogenicity of Blastocystis sp.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Intestinal Parasitic Infection In Cancer Orgamentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infection in Cancer, Organ Transplant and Primary Immunodeficiency Patients in Tehran, Iran

Esteghamati

Khanaliha

Bokharaei‐Salim

et al. 2019

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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Background:Intestinal parasitic infection in immunodeficient patients especially those with impaired cellular immunity, like neoplasia, renal or heart transplant needs careful consideration. The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in different group of patients including cancer patients; organ transplants recipients, and primary immunodeficiency patients.Methods:Stool samples from 190 patients including 80 patients with Primary Immunodeficiency, 85 cancer patients and 25 organ transplant recipients were collected; a direct examination with Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and formalin ether concentration was performed. The DNA was extracted from parasitologically confirmed patients and nested PCR and sequencing was performed and new obtained sequences of Cryptosporidium parvum and Enterocytozoon bieneusi were compared with deposited ones. Results:In general, the prevalence of parasites was 26/80 (32.5%) in primary immunodeficiency, 22/85(25.9%) in cancer group, and 7/25 (28%) in organ transplant. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in primary immunodeficiency patients were Blastocystis hominis 13 (16.2%), Giardia lamblia 10 (12.5%), Cryptosporidium 1(1.2%), Chilomastix mesnilii 1 (1.2%), Dientamoeba fragilis 1(1.2%). Of 25 organ transplants, 6 (24%) Cryptosporidium sp were found, all of which were confirmed as Cryptosporidium parvum and one case of Microspora in a heart transplant recipient was confirmed as Enterocytozoon bieneusi by PCR sequencing. The predominant intestinal parasitic infection in cancer patients was 19 (22.3%) Blastocystis hominis followed by two (2.3%) Giardia lamblia and one Dientamoeba fragilis 1 (1.1%).Conclusion:The high rate of infection with Blastocystis hominis was found in cancer patients especially colorectal cancer patients, so careful consideration should be given by physicians. Cryptosporidium sp was found to be the major cause of parasitic intestinal infection in patients with organ transplant compared to primary immunodeficiency patients; so transplant recipients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy should be considered as a risk group for acquiring microsporidiosis and Cryptosporidium infection.

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“…More recently, El-Gayar and Mahmoud (2014), Mohamed et al (2017) and Kumarasamy et al (2017) speculated potential carcinogenic effect of Blastocystis sp. as the parasite affected the growth of colorectal cancer cells in vitro (Chandramathi et al 2010) and induced precancerous polyp formation in vivo in rats (Kumarasamy et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface ultrastructure, protein profile and zymography of Blastocystis species isolated from patients with colorectal carcinoma

et al. 2019

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Oncogenic potential of Blastocystis species have been predicted on reporting the enhanced proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells by the parasite solubilized antigen in vitro, and the enhanced drug-induced carcinogenesis by infection in vivo. The present study is the first to investigate some phenotypic characters, namely the surface ultrastructure, protein profiles and protease activity of Blastocystis sp. isolated from three different clinical groups: colorectal carcinoma (CRC) patients, symptomatic and asymptomatic infected persons. Under SEM, all CRC Blastocystis sp. isolates had a very rough intensely folded surface in comparison to the less rough and completely smooth surface of all symptomatic and asymptomatic Blastocystis sp. Non-CRC isolates, respectively. Under reducing conditions, the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis had shown a significant presence of 2 protein bands of 230 and 32 KDa in 42.9% of Blastocystis sp. CRC isolates with their complete absence from Non-CRC isolates. While using non-reducing condition with the incorporation of gelatin in the gel to study the protease activity of the parasite, no significant difference existed between isolates of the three groups. In conclusion, the significant difference in surface ultrastructure and in protein profiles exists between Blastocystis sp. of CRC and Non-CRC isolates. These differences might be either secondary to the altered gut environment in the presence of CRC or are indicators of a different pathogenic potential of the parasite isolates inducing malignancy.

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Exacerbation of colon carcinogenesis by Blastocystis sp.

Cited by 42 publications

References 60 publications

Chronic inflammation evoked by pathogenic stimulus during carcinogenesis

Chronic inflammation evoked by pathogenic stimulus during carcinogenesis

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infection in Cancer, Organ Transplant and Primary Immunodeficiency Patients in Tehran, Iran

Surface ultrastructure, protein profile and zymography of Blastocystis species isolated from patients with colorectal carcinoma

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