Abstract:The capacity of the optical communication infrastructure in backbone networks has increased 1000-fold over the last 20 years. Despite this rapid progress, internet traffic is continuing to grow at an annual rate of 40%. This means that in 20 years, we will need petabit/s or even exabit/s optical communication. In this paper, we present recent challenges and efforts toward achieving a hardware paradigm shift to overcome the capacity limitation imposed by the current optical communication infrastructure. We will… Show more
“…The process of transferring most of the power from one mode guided in a certain waveguide to another mode (usually of different order) supported by a different waveguide is referred to as optical mode conversion. This operation may enhance the data transfer rate and transmission capacities of optical networks 4 , 5 . With the use of a layered silicon-insulator-silicon substrate, silicon devices are made using the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform, which reduces parasitic capacitance within the device and improves performance 6 .…”
In this work, a higher order-to-fundamental mode converter is reported and analyzed based on an asymmetric dual channel waveguide (ADC-WG) on silicon. In the reported structure, one of the two waveguides is infiltrated with nematic liquid crystal (NLC) material to add temperature tunability while the other one is a solid BK7 waveguide. The modal characteristics are obtained using the full vectorial finite difference method (FVFDM). In addition, the structural parameters and optical characteristics of the employed materials are investigated to achieve good wavelength selectivity with a short device length (LD). Thus, a compact mode converter that can work at different wavelengths including the telecommunication wavelength i.e., 1.55 μm with LD ~ 482.31 μm and a low crosstalk of − 19.86 dB is presented. To prove the thermal tunability of the suggested mode converter, its operation is tested through a temperature range between 20 and 35 °C and the results show that the mode conversion process is achieved at each temperature with different phase matching wavelengths (λPMW) but with quite similar coupling length (LC). The proposed device can therefore be effectively utilized in integrated photonic circuits.
“…The process of transferring most of the power from one mode guided in a certain waveguide to another mode (usually of different order) supported by a different waveguide is referred to as optical mode conversion. This operation may enhance the data transfer rate and transmission capacities of optical networks 4 , 5 . With the use of a layered silicon-insulator-silicon substrate, silicon devices are made using the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform, which reduces parasitic capacitance within the device and improves performance 6 .…”
In this work, a higher order-to-fundamental mode converter is reported and analyzed based on an asymmetric dual channel waveguide (ADC-WG) on silicon. In the reported structure, one of the two waveguides is infiltrated with nematic liquid crystal (NLC) material to add temperature tunability while the other one is a solid BK7 waveguide. The modal characteristics are obtained using the full vectorial finite difference method (FVFDM). In addition, the structural parameters and optical characteristics of the employed materials are investigated to achieve good wavelength selectivity with a short device length (LD). Thus, a compact mode converter that can work at different wavelengths including the telecommunication wavelength i.e., 1.55 μm with LD ~ 482.31 μm and a low crosstalk of − 19.86 dB is presented. To prove the thermal tunability of the suggested mode converter, its operation is tested through a temperature range between 20 and 35 °C and the results show that the mode conversion process is achieved at each temperature with different phase matching wavelengths (λPMW) but with quite similar coupling length (LC). The proposed device can therefore be effectively utilized in integrated photonic circuits.
“…Multiplexing technology uses the parallelism of electromagnetic waves in various physical dimensions such as time, frequency, quadrature polarization, and space to improve the transmission capacity of optical fiber communication [1] . The combination of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) [2] and mode-division multiplexing (MDM) [3,4] technologies in optical fiber communication systems is an attractive research area.…”
Acousto-optic interaction can be used for ultrafast optical field control in passively mode-locked fiber lasers. Here, we propose the use of an intracavity acousto-optic mode converter (AOMC) with combination of a few-mode fiber Bragg gratings (FM-FBG) to achieve narrow linewidth mode-locked pulse output with switchable transverse mode and wavelength in a ring fiber laser. Due to the selectivity of the FM-FBG to the input mode, the output mode and wavelength can be adjusted in the mode-locked fiber laser based on a semiconductor saturable absorption mirror. In experiments, by adjusting the acoustic frequency imposed in the AOMC, the wavelength of mode-locked pulses was switched from 1551.52 nm to 1550.21 nm, retaining the repetition rate of 12.68 MHz. At the same time, the mode conversion from the LP 01 to the LP 11 mode in the FM-FBG transmission port was achieved. This laser may find application in mode-division multiplexing systems.
“…This demand undoubtedly impels telecommunication industry to implement the next generation optical communications system to cope with hungry bandwidth applications [3,4]. To this end, different technologies have been explored to meet the rapid growth in data traffic [5][6][7][8] in which multiplexing technology plays a crucial role and has been studied for several decades [5,[9][10][11].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, with a consistent and rapid growth of the network traffic, transmission capacity of the DWDM framework is rapidly approaching its most extreme point of a single-mode fiber bandwidth confinement, which is estimated at ~100-200 Tbit/s and known as an optical networks capacity crunch [3]. To address these issues, space division multiplexing (SDM) [7][8][9] and mode division multiplex (MDM) [10][11][12][13] have been proposed and developed worldwide. SDM depends on more cores in a single glass strand, named as a multicore fiber (MCF), while MDM employs different spatial modes or mode groups in a few-mode fiber (FMF) to convey signals in parallel.…”
Adopting mode division multiplex (MDM) technology as the next frontier for optical fiber communication and on-chip optical interconnection systems is becoming very promising because of those remarkable experimental results based on MDM technology to enhance capacity of optical transmission and, hence, making MDM technology an attractive research field. Consequently, in recent years the large number of new optical devices used to control modes, for example, mode converters, mode filters, mode (de)multiplexers, and modeselective switches, have been developed for MDM applications. This paper presents a review on the recent advances on mode converters, a key component usually used to convert a fundamental mode into a selected high-order mode, and vice versa, at the transmitting and receiving ends in the MDM transmission system. This review focuses on the mode converters based on planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technology and various PLC-based mode converters applied to the above two systems and realized with different materials, structures, and technologies. The basic principles and performances of these mode converters are summarized.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.