Ex vivo assessment of synergic effect of chlorhexidine for enhancing antimicrobial photodynamic therapy efficiency on expression patterns of biofilm-associated genes of Enterococcus faecalis

Bolhari, Behnam; Pourhajibagher, Maryam; Bazarjani, Farzaneh; Chiniforush, Nasim; Rad, Mehdi Rostami; Pirmoazen, Salma; Bahador, Abbas

doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.04.019

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…analyzed the ex vivo effect of aPDT in combination with CHX on counts of CFUs and expression of genes associated with biofilm formation of E. faecalis . Compared with CHX or aPDT alone, CHX+ aPDT could significantly reduce the CFU mL −1 count and suppress the gene expression of virulence factors determining colonization, adhesion, immunoevasion and immunosuppression . Therefore, it could also be speculated that combined usage of CHX and aPDT may underregulate the biofilm formation related gene expression of P. gingivalis .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disinfect Porphyromonas gingivalis Biofilm on Titanium Surface with Combined Application of Chlorhexidine and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy

Cai

Wang

et al. 2018

Photochem & Photobiology

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Various antimicrobial modalities have been proposed to treat peri‐implantitis but resulted in limited outcomes. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the disinfection efficacy of combined application of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) of titanium surfaces previously contaminated with Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm. P. gingivalis biofilms were grown on 32 polished and 32 sandblasted large‐grit acid‐etched (SLA) titanium surfaces. Titanium disks were allocated into four groups as follows: (1) immersed in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), (2) immersed in 0.2% CHX, (3) application of aPDT and (4) immersed in 0.2% CHX and subsequent aPDT. Residual bacteria were determined by microbial culture analysis and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) imaging. Combination protocol (CHX+ aPDT) was the most effective in eradicating P. gingivalis (P < 0.05) on both polished and SLA surfaces. There was no significant difference in the number of remaining P. gingivalis between polished titanium disks and the SLA ones in four groups (P > 0.05). Under the limitation of this study, combined technique of preceding application of CHX and subsequent aPDT was shown to be an efficient method in reducing P. gingivalis numbers in both polished and SLA titanium surfaces.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disinfect Porphyromonas gingivalis Biofilm on Titanium Surface with Combined Application of Chlorhexidine and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy

Cai

Wang

et al. 2018

Photochem & Photobiology

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“…There is a diversity of the outcomes of in-vitro and ex-vivo studies that compare between the antibacterial effects of NaOCl and CHX [10,28,37]. An in-vitro study compared the antibacterial effects of different irrigants against E. faecalis and Candida albicans and demonstrated that 2% CHX had a greater antibacterial effect than 2.5% NaOCl [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, an ex-vivo study analyzed the effects of PDT in combination with 2% CHX on E. faecalis bacterial counts and on expression patterns of genes associated with biofilm formation. It has been demonstrated that the synergetic effect of PDT with indocyanine green and 2% CHX resulted in modulation of E. faecalis's virulence through the suppression of the expression patterns of the biofilm-associated genes [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to improve the antimicrobial capacities of conventional endodontic techniques, new approaches, instruments, and medications have been proposed. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the endodontic field has been proposed as an adjunctive modality to the conventional treatment protocols, especially for the management of refractory endodontic infections [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Photodynamic Therapy Using a Diode Laser 635 nm as an Adjunct to Conventional Chemo-Mechanical Endodontic Procedures against Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm: Ex-Vivo Study

et al. 2020

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The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the use of Toluidine Blue (TB) on extracted teeth infected with biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis. Fifty-four extracted teeth with single-roots and single canals were mechanically shaped, autoclaved, and contaminated with E. faecalis. They were randomly divided into six groups: two groups were negative and positive control groups, two groups were subjected to mechanical instrumentation and PDT with different pre-irradiation times and irradiation times, and two groups were subjected to chemo-mechanical endodontic treatment and PDT with different pre-irradiation times and irradiation times. In PDT groups, after the application of TB, the canals were irradiated with a diode laser of wavelength 635 nm, with a fiber diameter of 200 μm and 100 mW of power in continuous mode. The bacterial load was evaluated using a BioTimer Assay protocol. The greatest reduction of bacterial load was observed in groups of combined PDT with chemo-mechanical treatment. The reductions of bacterial load in groups of combined PDT with chemo-mechanical treatment, and in the positive control group, were significant (p < 0.01) when compared to that of the negative control group. Photodynamic therapy as an adjunctive modality may improve the disinfection capacity of conventional endodontic treatment against E. faecalis.

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“…The failures in conventional endodontic treatment are related to residual and permanent infections, which require additional strategies for disinfection [4]. Recently, the limitations of conventional endodontic therapy have given rise to many attempts to introduce Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) as an alternative treatment [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic therapy as an aiding in the endodontic treatment: case report

Lima

Sousa

Melo

et al. 2019

RGO, Rev. Gaúch. Odontol.

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This article describes the application of Photodynamic Therapy as an aid to the endodontic treatment performed on a permanent tooth iatrogenically perforated and with pulp necrosis. After clinical and radiographic examination, the coronary access, curettage of the drilling area and mechanized preparation with the Reciproc System were performed. The drilling area was sealed with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate after prior alkalinization and decontamination by a calcium hydroxide buffer. After successive intracanal medication changes, the remission of the fistula, a clinical sign of endodontic infection, was not observed. Photodynamic therapy was then performed to reduce bacterial load in the root canal system, which resulted in fistula suppression. Then, it was possible to end the treatment with the obturation of the ducts by the Tagger Hybrid thermomechanical technique. After a year of proservation, the tooth presents no symptomatology and it is concluded that the Photodynamic Therapy was an effective solution in this case.

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Ex vivo assessment of synergic effect of chlorhexidine for enhancing antimicrobial photodynamic therapy efficiency on expression patterns of biofilm-associated genes of Enterococcus faecalis

Cited by 28 publications

References 27 publications

Disinfect Porphyromonas gingivalis Biofilm on Titanium Surface with Combined Application of Chlorhexidine and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy

Disinfect Porphyromonas gingivalis Biofilm on Titanium Surface with Combined Application of Chlorhexidine and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy

Evaluation of Photodynamic Therapy Using a Diode Laser 635 nm as an Adjunct to Conventional Chemo-Mechanical Endodontic Procedures against Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm: Ex-Vivo Study

Photodynamic therapy as an aiding in the endodontic treatment: case report

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