Ex Situ Prepared Antimony Film Electrode for Electrochemical Stripping Measurement of Heavy Metal Ions

Abstract

The antimony film electrode (SbFE) was prepared ex situ for anodic and adsorptive stripping voltammetric measurement of selected heavy metal ions. The electrode revealed good linearity for Cd(II) and Pb(II) in a nondeaerated solution of 0.01 M HCl in the examined concentration range from 25 to 80 mg L À1 with limits of detection of 1.1 mg L À1 for Cd(II) and 0.3 mg L À1 for Pb(II) and an excellent reproducibility. The preplated SbFE was also preliminary tested for measuring low levels of Ni(II) using adsorptive stripping voltammetry exhibiting good linearity and sensitivity in combination with only a 30 s deposition step.

Barium Hydrogen Phosphate Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for the Simultaneous Determination of Cadmium and Lead by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

“…At present, a variety of modified electrodes such as, antimony film carbon paste [6], exfoliated graphite oxide [7], multi walled carbon nanotubes-Nafion/bismuth composite [8], bismuth nanopowder [9], Nafion coated bismuth film [10], carbon ink [11], calixarene/Nafion modified bismuth film [12], zirconium phosphate amorphous silica modified carbon paste [13] calcium-hydroxyapatite modified carbon paste [14], thiol functionalized mesoporous silica and Nafion composite [15], Nafion-graphene nanocomposite film [16], antimony film [17], bismuth film modified electrodes [18][19][20], bismuth nanoparticles modified boron-doped diamond [21] and antimony nanoparticle modified boron doped diamond electrode [22] are reported for the detection of heavy metal ions like Cd(II) and Pb(II). Although all the reported materials showed improved stripping signals, new materials are still needed to develop highly sensitive and antifouling metal ion sensing platform.…”

Novel in situ Bi−Sb‐Film Electrodes for Trace Heavy Metal Analysis

“…Next, SbFE was formed in situ on GCE and employed for Cd(II) and Pb(II) detection. SbFE was also applied ex situ for heavy metal detection . Different materials were reported as a working electrode platform for SbFE, e. g. screen‐printed electrodes (SPE) , different nanomaterial‐modified SPEs , different carbon‐ and metal‐based substrates (gold and platinum disk electrodes and a carbon fibre microelectrode ) and carbon paste electrodes .…”

Screen‐printed Electrodes for the Determination of Iridium in Drugs

“…This method is based on the precipitation of sulfide compounds after reaction with thioacetamide, in which the resulting colored precipitate is compared visually to a 10 mg L À1 Pb(II) standard solution to determine compliance with the heavy metal limit concentration. In the literature, a great number of papers devoted to the analysis of some of these analytes have been published [12][13][14][15][16]. Thus, this method can neither provide selectivity nor give individual concentration of each particular element.…”

“…In this point, electroanalytical techniques can be considered as a sensible, selective and non-expensive option for the determination of heavy metals in general and metal impurities in particular. In the literature, a great number of papers devoted to the analysis of some of these analytes have been published [12][13][14][15][16]. In these papers as well as in the works cited therein, a lot of metal ions, matrices and electrodes have been considered.…”