Ex Situ Germination Responses of Midwestern USA Prairie Species to Plant-derived Smoke

Jefferson, Lara; Pennacchio, Marcello; Havens, Kayri; Forsberg, Britt; Sollenberger, David; Ault, James R.

doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[251:esgrom]2.0.co;2

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…De Lange and Boucher (1990) were the first to report that compounds found in plant smoke stimulated seed germination. Since their initial work, many other studies have shown that specific watersoluble compounds found in the smoke from burning plant tissue play an important role in breaking seed dormancy (Dixon et al, 1995;Brown and van Staden, 1997;Blank and Young, 1998;Keeley and Fotheringham, 1998;Tieu et al, 1999;Landis, 2000;Pennacchio et al, 2007;Jefferson et al, 2008;Lindon and Menges, 2008). Investigations of smoke compounds focused on plant species from shrub land in South Africa, Florida and Western Australia; chaparral in California; and tall grass prairie in the Midwestern United States (De Lange and Boucher, 1990;Brown, 1993aBrown, , 1993bDixon et al, 1995;Keeley and Fotheringham, 1998;Tieu et al, 1999;Cochrane et al, 2002;Pennacchio et al, 2007;Jefferson et al, 2008;Lindon and Menges, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since their initial work, many other studies have shown that specific watersoluble compounds found in the smoke from burning plant tissue play an important role in breaking seed dormancy (Dixon et al, 1995;Brown and van Staden, 1997;Blank and Young, 1998;Keeley and Fotheringham, 1998;Tieu et al, 1999;Landis, 2000;Pennacchio et al, 2007;Jefferson et al, 2008;Lindon and Menges, 2008). Investigations of smoke compounds focused on plant species from shrub land in South Africa, Florida and Western Australia; chaparral in California; and tall grass prairie in the Midwestern United States (De Lange and Boucher, 1990;Brown, 1993aBrown, , 1993bDixon et al, 1995;Keeley and Fotheringham, 1998;Tieu et al, 1999;Cochrane et al, 2002;Pennacchio et al, 2007;Jefferson et al, 2008;Lindon and Menges, 2008). Reports show that some of the most widely described stimulants in smoke are Karrikins (a class of butenolide derivatives), water-soluble, naturally occurring compounds that are created from burning plant tissue and are involved with breaking seed dormancy (Flematti et al, 2004(Flematti et al, , 2008(Flematti et al, , 2009Pennacchio et al, 2007), enhancing germination and seedling growth of different plant familes (Muhammad et al, 2014) (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Standardized smoke solutions could be produced from burning cellulose filter paper (Flematti et al, 2004). Many studies use direct fumigation of seeds to enhance seed germination (De Lange and Boucher, 1990;Brown et al, 1993;Baxter et al, 1995;Dixon et al, 1995;Blank and Young, 1998;Pennacchio et al, 2007;Jefferson et al, 2008;Lindon and Menges, 2008). Direct fumigation of seeds is effective for promotion of germination of some species, but because the identified active compounds are known to be water soluble, they could naturally be carried into the soil by rainwater or snow melt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant derived smoke stimulation for seed germination and enhancement of crop growth: A review

Govindaraj¹,

Masilamani²,

Albert³

et al. 2016

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Smoke is an important factor involved in fire and post fire germination cues. The role of smoke in stimulating germination was first highlighted in South Africa in a study on Audouinia capitata, a threatened fynbos species. Farmers throughout the world have traditionally used fire and smoke in grain drying practices. It is thought that these methods improve germination and seedling vigor. Smoke has been applied in agriculture mainly by two ways viz., Aerosol method and Smoke water method. In aerosol method, seeds were directly exposed to smoke generated from burning plant material. Smoke-water is one of the most convenient means of application. The biologically active compounds present in smoke readily dissolve in water and when this smoke-extract is used as a diluted solution, treated seeds of many species show a marked improvement in germination. The main active germination compound of smoke-water derived from burned plant materials and cellulose has been identified as butenolide [3-methyl-2H-furo (2, 3-c) pyran-2-one], which is effective at very low concentrations (1 ppb). The compound has recently been referred to as "karrikinolide". Following the initial isolation of KAR1, a whole new family of plant growth regulators, termed 'karrikins', were identified in smoke and several related compounds have been synthesized. It is estimated that between 2 and 5 g of KAR1 is more than sufficient for 1 ha of land application rates that are commercially viable. Application of smoke in various agricultural, horticultural forage and forestry crops had found that smoke acted as a cue for breaking seeds of dormancy, improve seed germination, seedling growth, flowering, plant biomass of different plant families, Invitro plantlet regeneration and pathogen control (Anti-microbial properties).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant derived smoke stimulation for seed germination and enhancement of crop growth: A review

Govindaraj¹,

Masilamani²,

Albert³

et al. 2016

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“…Despite this, until quite recently, smoke-induced germination had not been investigated in North American grasslands. Recent work, however, demonstrated that several species of the northern Great Plains show increased germination when exposed to smoke (Jefferson et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although dormant season (winter and spring) was the preferred season for prescribed burning historically, there has been increasing interest in summer burning (Engle and Bidwell, 2001). Although many species are known to require cold stratification (Jefferson et al, 2008;Jordan and Haferkamp, 1989), depending upon the historic timing of fire relative to the growing season, it is possible that a fire-cued grassland species may require no cold wet stratification after the smoke cue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germination response of grassland species to plant-derived smoke

Schwilk

Zavala

2012

Journal of Arid Environments

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Seed bank bias: Differential tracking of functional traits in the seed bank and vegetation across a gradient

Larson

Suding

2022

Ecology

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A goal in trait‐based ecology is to understand and predict plant community responses to environmental change; however, diversity stored within seed banks that may expand or limit these responses is typically overlooked. If seed banks store attributes that are more advantageous or vulnerable under future conditions, they could impact community adaptability to change and disturbance. We explored compositional differences between seed banks and vegetation (i.e., seed bank bias) across a 12‐site gradient of increasingly higher and older soil terraces, asking: How do seed banks contribute to taxonomic and functional composition, and what do shifts in seed bank biases along the gradient (i.e., tracking) reveal about the processes driving seed bank variation and its implications for community adaptability? Across the gradient, seed banks stored distinct pools of species that added to species richness but not functional dispersion. Seed banks were generally biased toward short‐life histories and “fast” species with small seeds, thinner and more acquisitive roots, and lower root biomass allocation; however, trait means in the seed bank and vegetation sometimes shifted along the gradient, amplifying or reversing these biases. For example, species with higher specific leaf area (tied to rapid resource acquisition) tended to dominate vegetation on lower soil terraces, but were more common in the seed bank on higher terraces—at least when patterns were weighted by species' relative abundances. Although seed banks were generally characterized by “fast” attributes, observed shifts in seed bank biases across the gradient—particularly in leaf traits—demonstrate that environment can impact stored diversity and, consequently, our expectations for future vegetative turnover. The seed bank bias patterns that we characterized could be the result of many potential processes, including environment‐ or trait‐driven variation in seed bank inputs (seed production, dispersal) or losses (seed desiccation, germination), and may have important implications for a system's adaptive capacity. Only by integrating seed banks into the functional ecology agenda will we be able to unpack these processes and use seed banks more effectively in both prediction and ecosystem management.

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Ex Situ Germination Responses of Midwestern USA Prairie Species to Plant-derived Smoke

Cited by 34 publications

References 2 publications

Plant derived smoke stimulation for seed germination and enhancement of crop growth: A review

Plant derived smoke stimulation for seed germination and enhancement of crop growth: A review

Germination response of grassland species to plant-derived smoke

Seed bank bias: Differential tracking of functional traits in the seed bank and vegetation across a gradient

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