Ex Situ Conservation of Orchids in a Warming World

Seaton, Philip T.; Hong, Hu; Perner, Holger; Pritchard, Hugh W.

doi:10.1007/s12229-010-9048-6

Cited by 100 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Seed banking is increasingly being adopted for the ex situ conservation of orchids. For example, Orchid Seed Stores for Sustainable Use, a Darwin Initiative project, aims to collect and store seeds of orchid species from more than 20 countries, using conventional seed banking methodology (Seaton et al 2010; http:// osssu.org). Also included under the umbrella of ex situ conservation (although not discussed here) is the regeneration of plants from stored germplasm and the continued cultivation of species as nursery-based living collections.…”

Section: Ex Situ Conservation Of Orchidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seeds of many orchid species are regarded as possessing orthodox storage behavior (Thornhill and Koopowitz 1992;Pritchard and Seaton 1993;Pritchard et al 1999;Seaton and Pritchard 2003;Seaton et al 2010). The classification of orchid seeds as orthodox is mainly based on their ability to germinate following desiccation to low moisture contents (5%-7% fresh weight) and storage at subzero temperatures and, in some cases, based on evidence of increased longevity under these storage conditions (Pritchard and Seaton 1993).…”

Section: Orchid Seed Storage Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Certainly, the broad conclusion that the vast majority of orchid species are likely to have seeds that might remain viable for many decades when stored under gene banking conditions of Ϫ20ЊC (Seaton and Pritchard 2003;Seaton et al 2010) requires further scrutiny. There is still little empirical evidence to verify the assumption that conventional approaches to the storage of orthodox seeds at Ϫ20ЊC (or even at lower temperatures) will successfully conserve orchid seeds for decades.…”

Section: Low-temperature Storage and Cryopreservation Of Orchid Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet just as well known is the high level of extinction threat that many species within the family face as a consequence of a wide and dynamic range of intrinsic and extrinsic factors (Swarts andDixon 2009a, 2009b;Seaton et al 2010). Many orchids are inherently rare or locally restricted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ex situ Conservation and Cryopreservation of Orchid Germplasm

Merritt

Hay

Swarts

et al. 2014

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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Premise of research. Orchids are among the most enigmatic of plant species. Yet the Orchidaceae comprises more species at risk of extinction than any other plant family. The collection and storage of orchid germplasmprincipally seeds and associated mycorrhizal fungi but also protocorm-like bodies using encapsulation and vitrification techniques-allows for secure ex situ conservation. This article reviews the approaches and techniques used for the ex situ conservation of orchid germplasm, with a focus on seed banking and the use of cryopreservation techniques to improve the longevity of germplasm.Pivotal results. It is increasingly apparent that cryopreservation-the storage of germplasm at ultra-low temperatures (e.g., in liquid nitrogen)-is required for the long-term and low-maintenance conservation of all types of orchid germplasm. For orchid seeds, desiccation tolerance is common, but longevity in storage is poor. Cryopreservation of orchid seeds shows promise, but some complexities in low-temperature storage behavior still require explanation and resolution. The application of more advanced cryopreservation techniques, including encapsulation-dehydration and vitrification, is becoming increasingly common. These techniques provide for the simultaneous storage of orchid propagules with their compatible fungus, while for seeds, vitrification techniques show potential for improving tolerance to the stresses of cryopreservation. Conclusions.A renewed focus on describing the low-temperature storage physiology of orchid seeds to more precisely define the relationship between seed water content, storage temperature, and seed survival is required, as is perhaps the wider adoption of the use of cryoprotectants for seeds. This research, coupled with the development of improved methods of seed viability testing, will support the growing work of germplasm banks to protect orchid biodiversity in the face of habitat loss and potential species extinction.

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Section: Ex Situ Conservation Of Orchidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Orchid Seed Storage Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Low-temperature Storage and Cryopreservation Of Orchid Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ex situ Conservation and Cryopreservation of Orchid Germplasm

Merritt

Hay

Swarts

et al. 2014

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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“…In situ protection and management of severely denuded or isolated populations is not always adequate to ensure species survival (Seaton et al 2010) and must be integrated with ex situ conservation programs such as plant propagation and seed banking (Swarts and Dixon 2009a;Volis and Blecher 2010). The long-term storage of orchid seed is an important ex situ strategy currently employed by many Botanic Gardens around the world as they aim to conserve the natural genetic diversity of their wild species (Crane et al, 2009;Swarts and Dixon 2009a, b;Hosomi et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymbiotic in vitro germination and seed quality assessment of Australian terrestrial orchids

Dowling

Jusaitis

2012

Aust. J. Bot.

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Determining the seed quality and germination requirements for threatened orchid species in storage is vital for future conservation efforts. Seeds of many Australian terrestrial orchid species are held in conservation collections around the country, but few have been germinated in vitro, fuelling concerns over their long-term viability. This study tested three methods of assessing orchid seed quality; asymbiotic germination was compared with vital staining using triphenyltetrazolium chloride or fluorescein diacetate. Six culture media were examined for efficacy in promoting asymbiotic seed germination of four Australian terrestrial orchid species (Pterostylis nutans, Microtis arenaria, Thelymitra pauciflora and Prasophyllum pruinosum). Germination occurred on all media but germination rates were consistently highest on BM1 and development was most advanced on BM1, P723 and Malmgren media. Subsequent trials tested the efficacy of BM1 for asymbiotic germination of additional genera (Caladenia, Calochilus and Diuris), several congeneric species, and two species collected from several different provenances within each of their ranges. The results indicate that asymbiotic germination on BM1 medium is an effective technique for testing the performance of Australian terrestrial orchid seeds. The efficacy of vital stains to determine seed viability, however, remains uncertain, as significant disagreement between degree of staining and germinability was observed for some species.

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Impacts of physiological characteristics and human activities on the species distribution models of orchids taking the Hengduan Mountains as a case

Wang,

Peng,

Bai

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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The biogeography research of orchids through species distribution models (SDMs), a vital tool in the biogeography field, is critical to understanding the fundamental geographic distribution patterns and identifying conservation priorities. The correspondence between species occurrence and environmental information is crucial to the model's performance. However, ecological preferences unique to different orchid species, such as their life forms, are often overlooked during the modeling process. This oversight can introduce bias and increase model uncertainty. Additionally, human activities, as an important potential predictor, have not been quantified in any orchid SDMs. Taking the Hengduan Mountains as an example, we preprocessed all orchid species' occurrences based on physiological characteristics. Choosing five spatial factors related to human activities to quantify the interference and enter into models as HI factor. Using different modeling methods (GLM, MaxEnt, and RF) and evaluation indices (AUC, TSS, and Kappa), diverse modeling strategies have been constructed in the study. A double‐ranking method has been adopted to select the critical orchid distribution regions. The results showed that classification models based on physiological characteristics significantly improved the model's accuracy while adding the HI factor had the same effect but the absence of enough significance. Suitability maps indicated that highly heterogeneous mountainous areas were vital for the distribution of orchids in the Hengduan Mountains. Different distribution patterns and critical regions existed between various orchid life forms geographically – terrestrial orchids were dominant in the mountain, and mycoherterophical orchids were primarily located in the north, more influenced by vegetation and temperature. Critical regions of epiphytic orchids were in the south due to a greater dependence on precipitation and temperature. These studies are informative for understanding the orchids' geographic distribution patterns in the Hengduan Mountains, promoting conservation and providing references for similar research beyond orchids.

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Ex Situ Conservation of Orchids in a Warming World

Cited by 100 publications

References 17 publications

Ex situ Conservation and Cryopreservation of Orchid Germplasm

Ex situ Conservation and Cryopreservation of Orchid Germplasm

Asymbiotic in vitro germination and seed quality assessment of Australian terrestrial orchids

Impacts of physiological characteristics and human activities on the species distribution models of orchids taking the Hengduan Mountains as a case

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