Ex-situ catalytic co-pyrolysis of lignin and polypropylene to upgrade bio-oil quality by microwave heating

Effects of Different Conditions on Co-Pyrolysis Behavior of Corn Stover and Polypropylene

“…The synergistic effects of carbon-containing functional groups and different types of proton are shown in Figures 2 and 3, respectively. The contents of aromatic carbon (16.60%, 11.19%, 8.4%) were greater than the theoretical values (16.17%, 10.98%, 7.86%), which may be due to the Diels-Alder reaction between the olefins derived from PP and the furans derived from CS [33][34][35][36][37][38], promoting the formation of aromatic compounds. Due to the addition of PP, the effective hydrogen-carbon ratio (H/Ceff ratio) of the system was increased, which reduced generation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), so the content of H-PAH was far less than the theoretical value.…”

Conversion of woody oil into bio-oil in a downdraft reactor using a novel silicon carbide foam supported MCM41 composite catalyst

“…29 The coke reduced from 2.27% to 1.18%. According to the report of Duan et al, 30 higher catalytic temperatures promote the decomposition of the long chain hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds, thus the number of the large molecules decreased and the light compound formed. In addition, the yield of char uctuated but remained relatively stable.…”

“…32 By further observation, the bio-oil yield reduced (from 74.79% to 61.15%) and the gas yield increased (from 19.44% to 32.208%) with the increasing of the catalyst ratio, this phenomenon occurred because more catalyst aided the bio-oil cracking into gaseous compounds thus caused variation trend. 30 During the ex situ pyrolysis process, a small amount of the coke (3.51-0.96%) was obtained. With the decreasing of the catalyst to feedstock ratio, formation of the coke was hindered, because higher catalyst to feedstock ratio provided more locations for pyrolysis vapors to deposit on the catalyst.…”

Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of vegetable oil soapstock: Comparative study of rapeseed, sunflower, corn, soybean, rice, and peanut oil soapstock

“…With the catalytic temperature increasing, the proportion of cycloalkenes and oxygenates of all the soapstocks initially decreased and then increased, reaching the minimum at 300°C. Duan et al [39] had explained the cause of oxygenates change. When the vapor generated from pyrolysis passed through HZSM-5, deoxidation and cracking reactions occurred.…”