Ex situ and in situ determination of stress distributions in chromium oxide films by raman microscopy

Birnie, J.; Craggs, C; Gardiner, Derek J.; Graves, P.R.

doi:10.1016/0010-938x(92)90014-t

Cited by 95 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…According to Birnie's work [7] , monochromatic Laser light is inelastically scattered to give a Raman spectrum corresponding to particular molecular and lattice vibrations of solid. From Fig.3 we can see compressive stress exists in oxide films formed on both samples, and La-implantation has apparently reduced the stress level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From Fig.3 we can see compressive stress exists in oxide films formed on both samples, and La-implantation has apparently reduced the stress level. Recently Birnie [7] gives a linear coefficient of 2. 8 10 8 Pa/cm -1 between Raman peak shift and residual stress for NiO film, so the calculated compressive stress of NiO films formed on pure and La-implanted nickel are 5.04 10 9 Pa and 2.52 10 9 Pa, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 10 8 Pa/cm -1 between Raman peak shift and residual stress for NiO film, so the calculated compressive stress of NiO films formed on pure and La-implanted nickel are 5.04 10 9 Pa and 2.52 10 9 Pa, respectively. It's necessary to note that the Raman test result only represents the stress level of oxide film's outer surface, because the depth in which laser beam collides with NiO is usually less than 50nm [7,8] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the doping of small amount of rare earth element to metals can remarkably improve their anti-oxidation properties, especially in respect to the oxide films' internal stress levels [2] . The internal growing stress and external thermal stress usually keep changing in the metals' serving process and distribute heterogeneous in the oxide film depth, so stress values of oxide films formed on engineering alloys measured by different methods are much in argument today even for the basic Ni, Fe and Co metals [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] . In this paper, the growing kinetics and microstructure of oxide film formed on lanthanum-implanted nickel will be carefully investigated and the influence of La addition on the stress status of oxide film will be quantitatively examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress Determination of Oxide Film Formed on Lanthanum Ion-Implanted Pure Nickel

Jin¹,

Felix²

2009

2009 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference

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Abstract-This electronic document Isothermal oxidation kinetics of pure nickel and its lanthanum ion-implanted sample are studied at 900 . Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) are used to examine the surface morphology and microstructure of oxide films. Laser Raman spectrometer and X-ray diffraction spectrometer (XRD) are used to study the stress level in oxide films formed on La-free and La-implanted Ni. Secondary ion massive spectrum (SIMS) is used to examine Ni, O and La element distribution in depth in oxide films. Results show that La-implantation remarkably reduces the growing speed and grain size of NiO film; Meanwhile it changes the oxide film growing mechanism from predominant cation outward diffusion to anion inward diffusion. The finegrained La-containing NiO film can relieve part of internal stress via high temperature creeping, and results in heterogeneous stress distribution in depth. XRD and Raman testing results show the stress declination effect due to La-implantation, and discrepancy between the two testing results is analyzed regarding to the rare earth effect during the film growing process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress Determination of Oxide Film Formed on Lanthanum Ion-Implanted Pure Nickel

Jin¹,

Felix²

2009

2009 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference

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“…The existing of stresses is the most important reason to ruin oxide scales and lose the oxidation resistance, so it greatly influenced on the life of superalloys in service. For a long time, researchers all over the world studied a lot for oxide scale stresses, many creative techniques were developed, among which pulling test [1-3], X-ray diffraction [4][5][6], and Raman spectroscopy [7][8][9] were the typical ones, making great efforts to study the generating mechanism of stresses and evaluate the protecting life of oxide scales for superalloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real Time Test in situ of Superalloy Oxide Scale Stress by Archimedes Curve Slice Moment Technique

Wang¹,

Zheng²,

Yu³

2017

Metallofiz. Noveishie Tekhnol.

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Stress is the direct cause of surface oxide scale exfoliation to ruin the protection for alloy matrix. Therefore, it is the key to study oxide scale mechanical behaviour for discovering the oxidation resistance of alloys. In this paper, a new kind of experimental method 'Archimedes curve slice moment technique' is studied to test in situ the real time oxide scale stress of ferro-based superalloy K273 during all the high-temperature oxidation. By the derived formula, the oxide scale stress  can be calculated precisely only by observing Archimedes curve slice real-time polar radius OC. Having been oxidated for 5 hours at 800C, the oxide scale stress versus oxidation time is regressed to follow parabola equation strictly. As the oxides grow and the inner new oxides form in scales to press each other, the oxide scale stress is generated. Analysed by SEM, EDS and XRD, the oxide scale is compact composite structure made up of Cr 2 O 3 and spinel (Fe, Ni, Mn)Cr 2 O 4 . The less oxide scale stress increment brings about the lower oxidation weight gain rate and the better oxidation resistance. Improved by the use of vacuum system, the Archimedes curve slice moment technique is going to test the oxide scale growing and thermal stresses qualitatively and quantitatively in situ all the time at high temperature.Key words: ferro-based superalloy, oxide scale stress, oxidation resistance, Ключові слова: суперстоп на основі заліза, напруження, що виникають через циндру, стійкість до окиснення, Архімедова крива.Напряжения являются непосредственной причиной отслоения припо-верхностной окалины, что приводит к разрушению защиты матрицы сплава. Следовательно, изучение механического поведения окалины яв-ляется ключом к выяснению стойкости сплавов к окислению. В данной работе рассматривается новая экспериментальная методика измерения скручивающего момента для тонкого слоя материала, вырезанного по кривой Архимеда, служащая для in situ изучения в режиме реального времени напряжений, возникающих за счёт окалины, в суперсплаве на основе железа K273 в течение всего высокотемпературного окисления. Согласно полученному выражению, для точного расчёта в режиме реаль-ного времени напряжений , возникающих из-за окалины, достаточно лишь наблюдения за полярным радиусом OC образца, вырезанного по кривой Архимеда. При исследовании процесса окисления на протяжении 5 часов при температуре 800C зависимость напряжений из-за окалины от времени окисления была сведена к уравнению параболы. По мере роста оксида и формирования новых внутренних его слоёв, давящих друг на друга, генерируются напряжения за счёт окалины. Анализ, проведённый методами СЭМ, ЭРС и РДА, показал, что окалина уплотняется в компо-зитную структуру, состоящую из Cr 2 O 3 и шпинели (Fe, Ni, Mn)Cr 2 O 4 . REAL TIME TEST IN SITU OF SUPERALLOY OXIDE SCALE STRESS 1637Уменьшение напряжений, возникающих за счёт окалины, приводит к более низкой скорости окисления и повышению стойкости к окислению. Улучшенная использованием вакуумной системы методика in situ изме-рения скручивающего момента...

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In-situ determination of growth and thermal stresses in chromia scales formed on a ferritic stainless steel

Mougin¹,

Galerie²,

Dupeux³

et al. 2002

Materials and Corrosion

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In situ Raman spectroscopy experiments have been performed to determine both growth and thermal stresses of chromia scales formed at 750°C in oxygen on a stabilized ferritic stainless steel Fe‐18Cr‐TiNb. The measured growth stresses were shown to be highly compressive, near − 2 GPa. Cooling down and reheating cycles under inert gas showed that the thermal stresses were slightly compressive when cooling down (− 0.2 GPa), and reversible when heating up, showing their perfect thermo‐elastic origin. Measurements, with temperature changes, of the deflection of oxidized samples after removal of one side oxide confirmed the Raman measurements and allowed to derive the actual value of the thermal expansion coefficient of the oxide scale: αox = 10.75 × 10−6 K−1.

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Ex situ and in situ determination of stress distributions in chromium oxide films by raman microscopy

Cited by 95 publications

References 9 publications

Stress Determination of Oxide Film Formed on Lanthanum Ion-Implanted Pure Nickel

Stress Determination of Oxide Film Formed on Lanthanum Ion-Implanted Pure Nickel

Real Time Test in situ of Superalloy Oxide Scale Stress by Archimedes Curve Slice Moment Technique

In-situ determination of growth and thermal stresses in chromia scales formed on a ferritic stainless steel

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