‘Evorego’: Studying Regeneration to Understand Evolution, the Case of the Serotonergic System

Barreiro‐Iglesias, Antón

doi:10.1159/000334187

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In adult zebrafish, dopaminergic fibres sprout after the initial dieback and a significant increased innervation of the rostral spinal cord was observed 13 weeks after the injury [ 36 ]. This rostral sprouting leading to increased innervation has been also reported for serotonergic fibres in lampreys [ 6 ] and zebrafish [ 36 , 39 ]. So, our study reveals interesting and differential feature of the behaviour of dopaminergic fibres after a complete spinal cord injury in lampreys, again stressing the importance of studying this phenomenon in different vertebrate models of spinal cord injury.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Full Anatomical Recovery of the Dopaminergic System after a Complete Spinal Cord Injury in Lampreys

et al. 2015

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Following a spinal injury, lampreys at first are paralyzed below the level of transection. However, they recover locomotion after several weeks, and this is accompanied by the regeneration of descending axons from the brain and the production of new neurons in the spinal cord. Here, we aimed to analyse the changes in the dopaminergic system of the sea lamprey after a complete spinal transection by studying the changes in dopaminergic cell numbers and dopaminergic innervation in the spinal cord. Changes in the expression of the D2 receptor were also studied. We report the full anatomical regeneration of the dopaminergic system after an initial decrease in the number of dopaminergic cells and fibres. Numbers of dopaminergic cells were recovered rostrally and caudally to the site of injury. Quantification of dopaminergic profiles revealed the full recovery of the dopaminergic innervation of the spinal cord rostral and caudal to the site of injury. Interestingly, no changes in the expression of the D2 receptor were observed at time points in which a reduced dopaminergic innervation of the spinal cord was observed. Our observations reveal that in lampreys a spinal cord injury is followed by the full anatomical recovery of the dopaminergic system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Full Anatomical Recovery of the Dopaminergic System after a Complete Spinal Cord Injury in Lampreys

et al. 2015

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“…In contrast to mammals, lampreys show spontaneous and successful functional recovery after a complete spinal cord injury (SCI) and this is thanks in part to their impressive ability for axonal regeneration (Rovainen, 1976;Selzer, 1978;Wood and Cohen, 1979;Jacobs et al, 1997;Oliphint et al, 2010;Rodicio and Barreiro-Iglesias, 2012;Barreiro-Iglesias, 2012, 2015. But, even in lampreys not all descending neurons of the brain are able to regenerate their axons through the site of injury after a complete spinal cord transection (Davis and McClellan, 1994;Jacobs et al, 1997, Armstrong et al, 2003Cornide-Petronio et al, 2011;Busch and Morgan, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GABA promotes survival and axonal regeneration in identifiable descending neurons after spinal cord injury in larval lampreys

Romaus-Sanjurjo

Ledo-Garcia

Fernández-López

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Phones : +34 881816949 and +34 881816946 Emails: anton.barreiro@usc.es and mcelina.rodicio@usc.es Running title: GABA promotes regeneration after spinal cord injury peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/280891 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Mar. 12, 2018; 2 AbstractIn mammals, spinal cord injury (SCI) causes permanent disability. The poor regenerative capacity of descending neurons is one of the main causes of the lack of recovery after SCI. In addition, the prevention of retrograde degeneration leading to the atrophy or death of descending neurons is an obvious prerequisite for the activation of axonal regeneration. Lampreys show an amazing regenerative capacity after SCI.Recent histological work in lampreys suggested that GABA, which is massively released after a SCI, could promote the survival of descending neurons. Here, we aimed to study if GABA, acting through GABAB receptors, promotes the survival and axonal regeneration of descending neurons of larval sea lampreys after a complete SCI. First, we used in situ hybridization to confirm that identifiable descending neurons of late stage larvae express the gabab1 subunit of the sea lamprey GABAB receptor. We also observed an acute increase in the expression of this subunit in descending neurons after a complete SCI, which further supported the possible role of GABA and GABAB receptors in promoting the survival and regeneration of these neurons. So, we performed gain and loss of function experiments to confirm this hypothesis. Treatments with GABA and baclofen (GABAB agonist) significantly reduced caspase activation in descending neurons 2 weeks after a complete SCI. Long-term treatments with GABOB (a GABA analogue) and baclofen significantly promoted axonal regeneration of descending neurons after SCI. These data indicate that GABAergic signalling through GABAB receptors promotes the survival and regeneration of descending neurons after SCI. Finally, we used morpholinos against the gabab1 subunit to specifically knockdown the expression of the GABAB receptor in descending neurons. Long-term morpholino treatments caused a significant inhibition of axonal regeneration, which shows that endogenous GABA promotes axonal regeneration after a complete SCI in peer-reviewed)

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“…In contrast to mammals, including humans, lampreys recover locomotion spontaneously following a complete spinal cord injury (SCI; see [1][2][3][4] ). In lampreys, the process of recovery from SCI involves a positive astroglial response 5 , the production of new neurons in the spinal cord 6 and the regeneration of ascending and descending axons through the injury site [7][8][9][10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin inhibits axonal regeneration of identifiable descending neurons after a complete spinal cord injury in lampreys

Sobrido‐Cameán

Robledo

Sánchez

et al. 2018

Preprint

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SummaryClassical neurotransmitters are mainly known for their roles as neuromodulators, but they also play important roles in the control of developmental and regenerative processes. Here, we used the lamprey model of spinal cord injury to study the effect of serotonin in axon regeneration at the level of individually identifiable descending neurons. Pharmacological and genetic treatments after a complete spinal cord injury showed that endogenous serotonin inhibits axonal regeneration in identifiable descending neurons through the activation of serotonin 1A receptors and a subsequent decrease in cAMP levels. RNA sequencing revealed that changes in the expression of genes that control axonal guidance could be a key factor on the serotonin effects during regeneration. This study provides new targets of interest for research in nonregenerating mammalian models of traumatic CNS injuries and extends the known roles of serotonin signalling during neuronal regeneration.

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‘Evorego’: Studying Regeneration to Understand Evolution, the Case of the Serotonergic System

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Full Anatomical Recovery of the Dopaminergic System after a Complete Spinal Cord Injury in Lampreys

Full Anatomical Recovery of the Dopaminergic System after a Complete Spinal Cord Injury in Lampreys

GABA promotes survival and axonal regeneration in identifiable descending neurons after spinal cord injury in larval lampreys

Serotonin inhibits axonal regeneration of identifiable descending neurons after a complete spinal cord injury in lampreys

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