Evolving Views of Pectin Biosynthesis

Atmodjo, Melani A.; Hao, Zhangying; Mohnen, Debra

doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-042811-105534

Cited by 488 publications

(408 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…b-1,4-galactan is a structural element found in the side chains of RG-I that in turn is a substructure of the complex multidomain pectic polysaccharides that have abundant HG domains (Atmodjo et al, 2013). A b-1,6-galactosyl substitution of b-1,4-galactan structures is rare in pectic side chains of RG-I (Arifkhodzhaev 2000;Ridley et al, 2001) but has been identified in extracts of garlic bulbs (Das and Das, 1977).…”

Section: Monoclonal Antibody Lm26 Binds Specifically To Phloem Sieve mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pectic polysaccharides are a major group of matrix polysaccharides, defined as galacturonic-acid-rich polymers, which comprise at least three major domains (Caffall and Mohnen 2009;Atmodjo et al, 2013). Homogalacturonan (HG) can be variably methyl-esterified and acetylated, and these modifications influence its interactions and supramolecular properties (Wolf et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Branched Pectic Galactan in Phloem-Sieve-Element Cell Walls: Implications for Cell Mechanics

et al. 2017

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A major question in plant biology concerns the specification and functional differentiation of cell types. This is in the context of constraints imposed by networks of cell walls that both adhere cells and contribute to the form and function of developing organs. Here, we report the identification of a glycan epitope that is specific to phloem sieve element cell walls in several systems. A monoclonal antibody, designated LM26, binds to the cell wall of phloem sieve elements in stems of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), Miscanthus x giganteus, and notably sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) roots where phloem identification is an important factor for the study of phloem unloading of Suc. Using microarrays of synthetic oligosaccharides, the LM26 epitope has been identified as a b-1,6-galactosyl substitution of b-1,4-galactan requiring more than three backbone residues for optimized recognition. This branched galactan structure has previously been identified in garlic (Allium sativum) bulbs in which the LM26 epitope is widespread throughout most cell walls including those of phloem cells. Garlic bulb cell wall material has been used to confirm the association of the LM26 epitope with cell wall pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I polysaccharides. In the phloem tissues of grass stems, the LM26 epitope has a complementary pattern to that of the LM5 linear b-1,4-galactan epitope, which is detected only in companion cell walls. Mechanical probing of transverse sections of M. x giganteus stems and leaves by atomic force microscopy indicates that phloem sieve element cell walls have a lower indentation modulus (indicative of higher elasticity) than companion cell walls.

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Section: Monoclonal Antibody Lm26 Binds Specifically To Phloem Sieve mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Branched Pectic Galactan in Phloem-Sieve-Element Cell Walls: Implications for Cell Mechanics

et al. 2017

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“…The most important seems to be the regulation of cell adhesion [110,111], which is essential for the development and functioning of multicellular organisms, as land plants. Pectins participate also in the apical and diffusive growth of cells [112], are involved in the defense response against pathogens [113] and regulate the cell wall strengthening [114]. In seed plants, three main groups of pectins are distinguished: homogalacturonan (HG), rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) and rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) [113].…”

Section: Pectins -Important Polysaccharides Of the Primary Cell Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pectins participate also in the apical and diffusive growth of cells [112], are involved in the defense response against pathogens [113] and regulate the cell wall strengthening [114]. In seed plants, three main groups of pectins are distinguished: homogalacturonan (HG), rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) and rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) [113]. Sometimes, as the fourth separate group, the xylogalacturonans (XGA) are also given [112,115].…”

Section: Pectins -Important Polysaccharides Of the Primary Cell Wallmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of the cell wall components during terrestrialization

Banasiak¹

2014

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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Colonization of terrestrial ecosystems by the first land plants, and their subsequent expansion and diversification, were crucial for the life on the Earth. However, our understanding of these processes is still relatively poor. Recent intensification of studies on various plant organisms have identified the plant cell walls are those structures, which played a key role in adaptive processes during the evolution of land plants. Cell wall as a structure protecting protoplasts and showing a high structural plasticity was one of the primary subjects to changes, giving plants the new properties and capabilities, which undoubtedly contributed to the evolutionary success of land plants.In this paper, the current state of knowledge about some main components of the cell walls (cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins) and their evolutionary alterations, as preadaptive features for the land colonization and the plant taxa diversification, is summarized. Some aspects related to the biosynthesis and modification of the cell wall components, with particular emphasis on the mechanism of transglycosylation, are also discussed. In addition, new surprising discoveries related to the composition of various cell walls, which change how we perceive their evolution, are presented, such as the presence of lignin in red algae or MLG (1→3),(1→4)-β-D-glucan in horsetails. Currently, several new and promising projects, regarding the cell wall, have started, deciphering its structure, composition and metabolism in the evolutionary context. That additional information will allow us to better understand the processes leading to the terrestrialization and the evolution of extant land plants.

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Plant cytokinesis and the construction of new cell wall

et al. 2022

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Cytokinesis in plants is fundamentally different from that in animals and fungi. In plant cells, a cell plate forms through the fusion of cytokinetic vesicles and then develops into the new cell wall, partitioning the cytoplasm of the dividing cell. The formation of the cell plate entails multiple stages that involve highly orchestrated vesicle accumulation, fusion and membrane maturation, which occur concurrently with the timely deposition of polysaccharides such as callose, cellulose and cross‐linking glycans. This review summarizes the major stages in cytokinesis, endomembrane components involved in cell plate assembly and its transition to a new cell wall. An animation that can be widely used for educational purposes further summarizes the process.

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Evolving Views of Pectin Biosynthesis

Cited by 488 publications

References 180 publications

Branched Pectic Galactan in Phloem-Sieve-Element Cell Walls: Implications for Cell Mechanics

Branched Pectic Galactan in Phloem-Sieve-Element Cell Walls: Implications for Cell Mechanics

Evolution of the cell wall components during terrestrialization

Plant cytokinesis and the construction of new cell wall

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