Evolving Concepts of Functional Localization

McCaffrey, Joseph

doi:10.1111/phc3.12914

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(359 reference statements)

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“…The quest for neural predictors of cognitive functions, i.e., functional localization, lies at the heart of cognitive neuroscience. While the scope of functional localizationismwhether the location is constrained to a single brain region or distributed in networkshas been actively debated for nearly two centuries [29][30][31][32][33] , another fundamental question is how to define the "function" that we are trying to map. The cognitive ontology that one presumes determines whether and where a selective structure-function mapping is found 20,34 [35][36][37] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a neural common factor for visual illusions?

Jastrzębowska,

Ozkirli,

Cretenoud

et al. 2023

Preprint

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It is tempting to map interindividual variability in human perception to variability in brain structure or neural activity. Indeed, it has been shown that susceptibility to size illusions correlates with the size of primary visual cortex V1. Yet contrary to common belief, illusions correlate only weakly at the perceptual level, raising the question of how they can correlate with a localized neural measure. In addition, mounting evidence suggests that there is substantial interindividual variability not only in neural function and anatomy but also in the mapping between the two, which further challenges the findings of a neural common factor for illusions. To better understand these questions, here, we re-evaluated previous studies by correlating illusion strengths in a battery of 13 illusions with the size of visual areas and population receptive field sizes. We did not find significant correlations either at the perceptual level or between illusion susceptibility and visual functional neuroanatomy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a neural common factor for visual illusions?

Jastrzębowska,

Ozkirli,

Cretenoud

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Second, we also need to consider that the state-of-art techniques in neuroscience allow us to explore the connectivity between psychological functionalities of our interest via network analysis (Barabási et al 2023). In the past, neuroscientists were primarily interested in associating a specific brain region and a psychological functionality of interest (McCaffrey 2023). However, recent research has shown that mere localization could not be a valid method to understand the neural-level mechanism of psychology (McCaffrey 2023; Barabási et al 2023).…”

Section: How Can Neuroscience Support the Concept Of Phronesis In Vir...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Phronesis Models with Evidence from the Neuroscience of Morality Focusing on Brain Networks

Han

2024

Topoi

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In this paper, I examined whether evidence from the neuroscience of morality supports the standard models of phronesis, i.e., Jubilee and Aretai Centre Models. The standard models explain phronesis as a multifaceted construct based on interaction and coordination among functional components. I reviewed recent neuroscience studies focusing on brain networks associated with morality and their connectivity to examine the validity of the models. Simultaneously, I discussed whether the evidence helps the models address challenges, particularly those from the phronesis eliminativism. Neuroscientific evidence supported the importance of brain networks, i.e., the default mode, salience, and central executive functioning networks, in moral functioning in general. The findings favorably supported the multifaceted and integrative nature of phronesis proposed by the standard models. Finally, I considered how the two models could explain the mechanisms of phronesis more integratively based on neuroscientific findings. At the end of this paper, with the evidence, I proposed several practical ideas to promote the cultivation of phronesis, e.g., the consideration of coordination among components for moral functioning and the use of moral exemplars.

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