“…Effects such as (i) genome‐wide changes in diversity, (ii) changes in allelic or genotypic frequencies due to contaminant‐mediated selective pressure, (iii) changes in gene flow between populations, and (iv) increased mutation rates (Bickham, 2011) have been used to describe and search for patterns of differentiation. Studies in this field explore a wide range of selective pressures: metals (Xie & Klerks, 2003), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Mulvey, Newman, Vogelbein, & Unger, 2002; Ownby et al., 2002), polychlorinated biphenyls (Nacci et al., 1999; Oziolor, Bigorgne, Aguilar, Usenko, & Matson, 2014), dioxins and furans (Yuan, Courtenay, Chambers, & Wirgin, 2006), and in addition a variety of organisms (Oziolor, De Schamphelaere, & Matson, 2016a), but mostly focused on aquatic species. Previous reviews in the field focus on evolutionary research in fish (Wirgin & Waldman, 2004), across stressors (Oziolor & Matson, 2015), and the push toward quantitative genetics to link these processes to heritability and fitness of populations (Klerks, Xie, & Levinton, 2011).…”