Evolutionary spatio-temporal process of development of territorial tourist and recreational systems

Abstract

Tourism is one of the most important sectors of the economy. The basis of the territorial planning structure of tourism is formed by the tourist and recreational support frame, which ensures the integrity of the tourist space. Its development is of great importance for the socio-economic sphere of the regions. The purpose of this study is to conduct a retrospective analysis of the stages of development of theoretical and methodological geographical research on the dynamics of territorial tourist and recreational systems (TRS) and their spatiotemporal development process. The concepts and essence of the evolution and dynamism of TRS, as a process of gradual irreversible changes affecting their sustainable functioning, providing the evolutionary prerequisites for the development of the system, were considered; it was determined that the basic concept for research is «recreational system». The theory of development of territorial recreational systems as a subject of scientific research of recreational geography and one of the main forms of organizing recreation and tourism is substantiated. The proposed scheme of the tourist and recreational framework of the region based on the economic and environmental frameworks allows us to form an understanding of the full functioning of the entire tourist and recreational sector for subsequent effective management in the face of modern challenges. Research methods. The methodological basis of the study was the works of both domestic and foreign scientists who formed a new scientific direction – recreational geography. The research was based on approaches and views about the key factors and processes influencing the formation and existence of two types (subject- and object-centered) models of recreational systems that are capable of preserving the integrity of the system and strengthening its structure. Results. The recreational-geographical periods of the evolutionary development of territorial-recreational systems in the development of recreational space are analyzed, the methodology and theory of geographical research are determined, and the dynamics of tourist-recreational systems in their spatio-temporal process of development are considered. A system of concepts of this scientific direction has been formed, based on the anthropocentric nature of recreation and tourism systems. A cluster approach has been developed as a promising way to create new tourist and recreational structures with innovative directions in designated ecological and economic zones of a tourist and recreational type. Conclusions. The recreational-geographical stage of the evolutionary development of the functional structure of the tourist-recreational system in the development of recreational space is associated with the emergence of recreational geography and the beginning of the formation of a new scientific direction that studies recreational resources, the structure and features of the functioning of territorial recreational systems (TRS), recreational territories and their properties. The use of breakthrough innovative technologies in the tourism and recreational sector, attracting investment and improving the tax system of organizations engaged in the innovative tourism sector, radically change the functional and territorial structure of tourism and recreational systems, increasing the efficiency of interaction between Russian and foreign tourism enterprises and educational cluster centers for the purpose of exchange modern technologies, training in the tourism industry.