Evolutionary Significance of Local Genetic Differentiation in Plants

Linhart, Yan B.; Grant, Michael C.

doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.27.1.237

Cited by 1,137 publications

(1,070 citation statements)

References 238 publications

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“…Indeed, such results which were reported for P. orientalis in response to climate change in the absence of local adaptation were estimated to be limited to only 3% of the whole suitable habitat [15]. However, within a widespread species, different populations often experience different environmental conditions, triggering variable local adaptation and responses to climate change [72]. In the present study, the rate of areal change of each seed zone averaged a gain of 32.1% and loss of 12.7%, substantially greater than that reported when the entire species was considered as a whole [15], suggesting higher vulnerability at the seed zone level than at the species level for this species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Predicting Future Seed Sourcing of Platycladus orientalis (L.) for Future Climates Using Climate Niche Models

Wang

Liu

et al. 2017

Forests

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Climate niche modeling has been widely used to assess the impact of climate change on forest trees at the species level. However, geographically divergent tree populations are expected to respond differently to climate change. Considering intraspecific local adaptation in modeling species responses to climate change will thus improve the credibility and usefulness of climate niche models, particularly for genetic resources management. In this study, we used five Platycladus orientalis (L.) seed zones (Northwestern; Northern; Central; Southern; and Subtropical) covering the entire species range in China. A climate niche model was developed and used to project the suitable climatic conditions for each of the five seed zones for current and various future climate scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways: RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5). Our results indicated that the Subtropical seed zone would show consistent reduction for all climate change scenarios. The remaining seed zones, however, would experience various degrees of expansion in suitable habitat relative to their current geographic distributions. Most of the seed zones would gain suitable habitats at their northern distribution margins and higher latitudes. Thus, we recommend adjusting the current forest management strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Predicting Future Seed Sourcing of Platycladus orientalis (L.) for Future Climates Using Climate Niche Models

Wang

Liu

et al. 2017

Forests

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“…As it is not likely that the populations are genetically preadapted to newly encountered environmental conditions, a sufficiently broad range of plasticity allows them to survive in the new habitats. Eventually, after allopatric populations have grown for successive generations in their new habitats, the increase in genetic divergence among them in response to disruptive selection may generate ecotypes (Hufford & Mazer, 2003; Linhart & Grant, 1996). Both local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity—and their interaction—are likely to occur at the same time in natural populations, although the contribution of these processes for range expansion is not yet fully understood, especially for long‐lived plants (Valladares et al., 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation favor range expansion of a Neotropical palm

Brancalion

Oliveira

Zucchi

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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One of the most intriguing questions in plant ecology is which evolutionary strategy allows widely distributed species to increase their ecological range and grow in changing environmental conditions. Phenotypic plasticity and local adaptations are major processes governing species range margins, but little is known about their relative contribution for tree species distribution in tropical forest regions. We investigated the relative role of phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation in the ecological distribution of the widespread palm Euterpe edulis in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Genetic sampling and experiments were performed in old‐growth remnants of two forest types with higher (Seasonal Semideciduous Forests vs. Submontane Rainforest) and lower biogeographic association and environmental similarities (Submontane Rainforest vs. Restinga Forest). We first assessed the molecular genetic differentiation among populations, focusing on the group of loci potentially under selection in each forest, using single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) outliers. Further, we looked for potential adaptive divergence among populations in a common garden experiment and in reciprocal transplants for two plant development phases: seedling establishment and sapling growth. Analysis with outlier loci indicated that all individuals from the Semideciduous Forest formed a single group, while another group was formed by overlapping individuals from Submontane Rainforest and Restinga Forest. Molecular differentiation was corroborated by reciprocal transplants, which yielded strong evidence of local adaptations for seedling establishment in the biogeographically divergent Rainforest and Semideciduous Forest, but not for Restinga Forest and Submontane Rainforest. Phenotypic plasticity for palm seedling establishment favors range expansion to biogeographically related or recently colonized forest types, while persistence in the newly colonized ecosystem may be favored by local adaptations if climatic conditions diverge over time, reducing gene flow between populations. SNPs obtained by next‐generation sequencing can help exploring adaptive genetic variation in tropical trees, which impose several challenges to the use of reciprocal transplants.

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“…Agro-ecologically similar and spatially close districts were grouped together. Linhart and Grant (1996) remarked that different environments generate different selection pressures and significant barriers to gene flow, which in turn enhance genetic heterogeneity and differentiation among semi-isolated or isolated populations. The present study area stretches more than 400 km from north to south with North Welo the most northerly and North Shewa the most southerly.…”

Section: Genetic Structure and Differentiation Of Landracesmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA markers reveal genetic structure and localized diversity of Ethiopian sorghum landraces

Desmae¹,

Jordan²,

Godwin³

2016

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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North Eastern Ethiopia is a major sorghum-growing region. A total of 415 sorghum landraces were sampled to represent the range of agro-ecologies (three altitude ranges) as well as spatial heterogeneity, that is, 4 zones: North Welo, South Welo, Oromiya and North Shewa with each zone containing 2 to 5 districts. The landraces were genotyped with simple sequence repeats (SSR) and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers. High genetic diversity was observed among the landraces for both marker systems. STRUCTURE analysis revealed 4 clusters of genetically differentiated groups of landraces. Cluster analysis revealed a close relationship between landraces along geographic proximity with genetic distance between landraces increasing with an increase in geographic distance. The grouping of landraces based on districts was influenced by clinal trend and geographic proximity. The F ST statistics showed significant geographic differentiation among landraces at various levels of predefined geographic origin but a large portion of the variation was among landraces within rather than between predefined populations. The landraces from North Shewa were predominantly in one cluster, and landraces from this area also exhibited the greatest allelic diversity and the highest number of private alleles. There was low variation among the highland Zengada landraces, but these landraces were quite strongly differentiated and fell into one population cluster. The low to moderate genetic differentiation between landraces from various geographic origins could be attributed to gene flow across the region as a consequence of seed exchange among farmers.

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Evolutionary Significance of Local Genetic Differentiation in Plants

Cited by 1,137 publications

References 238 publications

Predicting Future Seed Sourcing of Platycladus orientalis (L.) for Future Climates Using Climate Niche Models

Predicting Future Seed Sourcing of Platycladus orientalis (L.) for Future Climates Using Climate Niche Models

Phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation favor range expansion of a Neotropical palm

DNA markers reveal genetic structure and localized diversity of Ethiopian sorghum landraces

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