Evolutionary Pressure on Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Is Consistent with a Role of CytbI7T Affecting Longevity during Caloric Restriction

Beckstead, Wesley A.; Ebbert, Mark T. W.; Rowe, Mark J.; McClellan, David A.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005836

Cited by 41 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…These conserved domains are a result of selection pressure on areas of function within the protein [80]. Where there are differences at the amino acid level many of these changes are between amino acids of the same chemical variety; i.e.…”

Section: Dna V Amino Acid Sequence Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA typing in wildlife crime: recent developments in species identification

Tobe

Linacre

2010

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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Species identification has become a tool in the investigation of acts of alleged wildlife crimes. This review details the steps required in DNA testing in wildlife crime investigations and highlights recent developments where not only can individual species be identified within a mixture of species but multiple species can be identified simultaneously. 'What species is this?' is a question asked frequently in wildlife crime investigations. Depending on the material being examined, DNA analysis may offer the best opportunity to answer this question. Species testing requires the comparison of the DNA type from the unknown sample to DNA types on a database. The areas of DNA tested are on the mitochondria and include predominantly the cytochrome b gene and the cytochrome oxidase I gene. Standard analysis requires the sequencing of part of one of these genes and comparing the sequence to that held on a repository of DNA sequences such as the GenBank database. Much of the DNA sequence of either of these two genes is conserved with only parts being variable. A recent development is to target areas of those sequences that are specific to a species; this can increase the sensitivity of the test with no loss of specificity. The benefit of targeting species specific sequences is that within a mixture of two of more species, the individual species within the mixture can be identified. This identification would not be possible using standard sequencing. These new developments can lead to a greater number of samples being tested in alleged wildlife crimes.

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Section: Dna V Amino Acid Sequence Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA typing in wildlife crime: recent developments in species identification

Tobe

Linacre

2010

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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“…The ETC is formed by protein complexes of subunits that are encoded in either nuclear or mtDNA. Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in any of the genes encoding ETC subunits can potentially affect the quality of electron flow or influence other relevant binding sites, such as that of coenzyme Q or CoQ [5]. It is therefore plausible that non-synonymous changes in the mtDNA will impact the fitness of organisms given the pivotal role of mitochondrial bioenergetics on adaptation to environmental variability [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal adaptation and clinal mitochondrial DNA variation of European anchovy

et al. 2014

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Natural populations of widely distributed organisms often exhibit genetic clinal variation over their geographical ranges. The European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus, illustrates this by displaying a two-clade mitochondrial structure clinally arranged along the eastern Atlantic. One clade has low frequencies at higher latitudes, whereas the other has an anti-tropical distribution, with frequencies decreasing towards the tropics. The distribution pattern of these clades has been explained as a consequence of secondary contact after an ancient geographical isolation. However, it is not unlikely that selection acts on mitochondria whose genes are involved in relevant oxidative phosphorylation processes. In this study, we performed selection tests on a fragment of 1044 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene using 455 individuals from 18 locations. We also tested correlations of six environmental features: temperature, salinity, apparent oxygen utilization and nutrient concentrations of phosphate, nitrate and silicate, on a compilation of mitochondrial clade frequencies from 66 sampling sites comprising 2776 specimens from previously published studies. Positive selection in a single codon was detected predominantly (99%) in the anti-tropical clade and temperature was the most relevant environmental predictor, contributing with 59% of the variance in the geographical distribution of clade frequencies. These findings strongly suggest that temperature is shaping the contemporary distribution of mitochondrial DNA clade frequencies in the European anchovy.

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“…However, it is proposed that an increased K' would make the cytochrome b region more water-soluble and hydrophilic, and this may be of great importance regarding reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (Beckstead et al, 2009). In addition, we suggest that the radical changes at these cytochrome b residues in true martens may be the result of molecular adaptation to environmental conditions that are associated with species distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular evolution and adaptation of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in the subgenus Martes

Li¹,

Malyarchuk²,

He³

et al. 2013

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Martes species represent a typical example of rapid evolutionary radiation and a recent speciation event. To identify regions of the genome that experienced adaptive evolution, which might provide clues to their functional importance and may be informative about the features that make each species unique, we sought evidence of molecular adaptation in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b gene in the subgenus Martes. Complete sequences of the cytochrome b gene were obtained from 87 samples, including 49 sables, 28 pine martens, and 10 stone martens, and were combined with mtDNA sequences of other true martens, such as M. melampus and M. americana. Analysis of the cytochrome b gene variation in true martens has shown that the evolution of this gene is under negative selection. In contrast, positive selection on the cytochrome b protein has been detected by means of the software TreeSAAP using a phylogenetic reconstruction of Martes taxa. Signatures of adaptive variation in cytochrome b were restricted to the transmembrane domains, which likely function as proton pumps. We compared results of different methods for testing selection and molecular adaptation, and we supposed that the radical changes of the cytochrome b amino acid residues in the subgenus Martes may be the result of molecular adaptation to specific environmental conditions coupled with species dispersals.

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Evolutionary Pressure on Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Is Consistent with a Role of CytbI7T Affecting Longevity during Caloric Restriction

Cited by 41 publications

References 45 publications

DNA typing in wildlife crime: recent developments in species identification

DNA typing in wildlife crime: recent developments in species identification

Thermal adaptation and clinal mitochondrial DNA variation of European anchovy

Molecular evolution and adaptation of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in the subgenus Martes

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