Evolutionary origins of the endocannabinoid system

McPartland, John M.; Matias, Isabel; Marzo, Vincenzo Di; Glass, Michelle

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2005.11.004

Cited by 157 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…In contrast, CNR2 is mostly expressed in immune cells. 9−11 In addition to CNR1 and CNR2, it has also been shown that GPR55 12,13 and the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) 14 are capable of mediating some function of cannabinoids/endocannabinoids. Levels of endocannabinoids in vivo are tightly regulated by enzymes for endocannabinoid synthesis and degradation.…”

Section: Endocannabinoid Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocannabinoid Signaling in Female Reproduction

Sun

Dey

2012

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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Marijuana is a preparation of the flower, as well as the leaves and seeds, of the plant Cannabis sativa. Marijuana has been used for medicinal and recreational purposes for thousands of years due to its psychoactive effects including euphoria, sedation, and analgesia. Although it has been suspected for decades that marijuana has adverse effects on female fertility, the underlying molecular mechanism was not clear. The discovery of cannabinoid receptors and endocannabinoids has advanced studies if cannabinoid signaling. Since then, numerous studies have been published on cannabinoid signaling in female reproductive events, including preimplantation embryo development, oviductal embryo transport, embryo implantation, placentation, and parturition. This review focuses on various aspects of endocannabinoid signaling in female fertility.

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Section: Endocannabinoid Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocannabinoid Signaling in Female Reproduction

Sun

Dey

2012

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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“…For example, it was shown that anandamide can protect murine neuroblastoma cells subjected to low serum-induced apoptosis by non-CB1, non-CB2 receptors [51]. Furthermore, a novel cannabinoid receptor 3 (GPR55) has been reported [52,53], which as of yet, is a G protein-coupled orphan receptor. However, physiological role of this receptor is not clearly understood.…”

Section: Cannabinoid Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of endocannabinoid signaling in periimplantation biology

Sun

Dey

2008

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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Physiological roles of endocannabinoids, a group of endogenously produced cannabinoid-like lipid molecules that activate G-protein coupled cannabinoid receptors, are being increasingly appreciated in female reproduction. Adverse effects of cannabinoids on female fertility have been suspected for decades; however, underlying molecular and genetic bases by which they exert these effects were not clearly understood. The discovery of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), endocannabinoid ligands (anandamide and 2-acylglycerol) as well as their key synthetic and hydrolytic pathways has helped to better understand the roles of cannabinoid/endocannabinoid signaling in preimplantation embryo development, oviductal embryo transport, embryo implantation and postimplantation embryonic growth. This review focuses on various aspects of the endocannabinoid system in female fertility based on studies that used knockout mouse models. The information generated from studies in mice is likely to shed deeper insight into fertility regulation in women.

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“…Olfactory centers of various species have been shown to express the endocannabinoid system (Tsou et al, 1998;Egertová and Elphick, 2000;Mackie, 2005;McPartland et al, 2006). Endocannabinoids also act on olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in the olfactory epithelium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoyl-Glycerol Controls Odor Sensitivity in Larvae of Xenopus laevis

Breunig¹,

Manzini²,

Piscitelli³

et al. 2010

Journal of Neuroscience

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Cannabinoids modulate the activity of many neuronal cells, among them sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium. Here we show that the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) is synthesized in both olfactory receptor neurons and glia-like sustentacular cells in larval Xenopus laevis. Its production in the latter depends on the hunger state of the animal. The essential effect of 2-AG in olfactory receptor neurons is the control of odorant detection thresholds via cannabinoid CB 1 receptor activation. Hunger renders olfactory neurons more sensitive. Endocannabinoid modulation in the nose may therefore substantially influence food-seeking behavior.

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Evolutionary origins of the endocannabinoid system

Cited by 157 publications

References 49 publications

Endocannabinoid Signaling in Female Reproduction

Endocannabinoid Signaling in Female Reproduction

Aspects of endocannabinoid signaling in periimplantation biology

The Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoyl-Glycerol Controls Odor Sensitivity in Larvae of Xenopus laevis

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