Evolutionary morphology of the male reproductive system, spermatozoa and seminal fluid of spiders (Araneae, Arachnida) – Current knowledge and future directions

Michalik, Peter; Ramı́rez, Martı́n J.

doi:10.1016/j.asd.2014.05.005

Cited by 70 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…The ducts of non-tartipore-accommodated (non-T-A) silk glands lose their connection to the old exoskeleton around apolysis, do not give rise to tartipores, and therefore the spider cannot draw silk from them during proecdysis. In some spider clades, such as the ecribellate haplogyne Synspermiata (Platnick et al 1991, Michalik and Ramírez 2014, Garrison et al 2016, Wheeler et al 2016, all silk glands are non-T-A. The two Australomimetus species examined in this study have both T-A and non-T-A versions of major ampullate, minor ampullate, and piriform silk glands (MaA, MiA, PI).…”

Section: Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of spinning field development in two species of araneophagic spiders (Araneae, Mimetidae, Australomimetus)

Townley¹,

Harms²

2017

EvolSyst

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External studies of spider spinning fields allow us to make inferences about internal silk gland biology, including what happens to silk glands when the spider molts. Such studies often focus on adults, but juveniles can provide additional insight on spinning apparatus development and character polarity. Here we document and describe spinning fields at all stadia in two species of pirate spider (Mimetidae: Australomimetus spinosus, A. djuka). Pirate spiders nest within the ecribellate orb-building spiders (Araneoidea), but are vagrant, araneophagic members that do not build prey-capture webs. Correspondingly, they lack aggregate and flagelliform silk glands (AG, FL), specialized for forming prey-capture lines in araneoid orb webs. However, occasional possible vestiges of an AG or FL spigot, as observed in one juvenile A. spinosus specimen, are consistent with secondary loss of AG and FL. By comparing spigots from one stadium to tartipores from the next stadium, silk glands can be divided into those that are tartipore-accommodated (T-A), and thus functional during proecdysis, and those that are not (non-T-A). Though evidence was more extensive in A. spinosus, it was likely true for both species that the number of non-T-A piriform silk glands (PI) was constant (two pairs) through all stadia, while numbers of T-A PI rose incrementally. The two species differed in that A. spinosus had T-A minor ampullate and aciniform silk glands (MiA, AC) that were absent in A. djuka. First instars of A. djuka, however, appeared to retain vestiges of T-A MiA spigots, consistent with a plesiomorphic state in which T-A MiA (called secondary MiA) are present. T-A AC have not previously been observed in Australomimetus and the arrangement of their spigots on posterior lateral spinnerets was unlike that seen thus far in other mimetid genera. Though new AC and T-A PI apparently form throughout much of a spider's ontogeny, recurring spigot/tartipore arrangements indicated that AC and PI, after functioning during one stadium, were used again in each subsequent stadium (if non-T-A) or in alternate subsequent stadia (if T-A). In A. spinosus, sexual and geographic dimorphisms involving AC were noted. Cylindrical silk gland (CY) spigots were observed in mid-to-late juvenile, as well as adult, females of both species. Their use in juveniles, however, should not be assumed and only adult CY spigots had wide openings typical of mimetids. Neither species exhibited two pairs of modified PI spigots present in some adult male mimetids.

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Section: Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of spinning field development in two species of araneophagic spiders (Araneae, Mimetidae, Australomimetus)

Townley¹,

Harms²

2017

EvolSyst

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“…As a result, a large amount of data are accumulated in the field, providing a wealth of information, particularly on the genitalia and germ-cell development (Burger et al 2006;Michalik & Ramirez 2014). However, when it comes to germ-cell development, most of the studies are focused on the spermiogenesis, covering acrosome formation (Michalik & Huber 2006;CostaAyub & Faraco 2007), mitochondria and filament arrangement in flagellum (Baccetti et al 1970;Phillips 1974;Zizzari et al 2008) as a potential phylogenetic inference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine structural reconstruction on the testicular cyst of the furrow orb weaver,Larinioides cornutusby 3D volume rendering

Kim

Seo

Kim

et al. 2016

Animal Cells and Systems

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Morphological study on spermatids and spermatozoa have long been performed regarding various changes of cell organelles during spermiogenesis as a potential phylogenetic inference. Based on the fact that the number of germ cells per cyst increases according to a geometric series, knowing the exact number of germ cells in a certain stage may lead to the total number of sperms produced per cyst. In spiders, however, the entire process takes place in a cyst represented by a spermatogonium, producing sperms in spherical shape. It is very difficult to count the exact number of germ cells produced per cyst through a 2D image analysis. Therefore, we applied a 3D image of testicular cyst of an orb-weaving spider to visualize the exact number of germ cells produced from a cyst. In this study, 2D images obtained from serially sectioned micrographs were scanned precisely and reconstructed using a 3D-rendering technique. Finally, this research reveals that the exact number of spermatozoa produced each cyst in Larinioides cornutus appeared to be 128 (2 7 ), which indicates that a single spermatogonium undergoes five mitotic divisions and two maturing divisions (meiosis) to produce final spermatozoa. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Another important criterion is that intellectual productions qualify as works only if they are somehow original. This criterion does not refer to the content of the work, but to the form of presentation (Masouyé 1981: section 2.8). Copyright applies to a "work" only if it is expressed in an original (individual, new, creative) way (Lucas and Lucas 1994).…”

Section: Copyrightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has led to the investment in specimen digitization programs, such as iDigBio is the US (Nelson et al 2012). Taxonomic materials are presented using standard techniques, such as pinned insects or herbarium sheets for plants (Bridson and Forman 1998, Häuser et al 2005, Leenhouts 1968, Metsger and Byers 1999, Schauff 1986). …”

Section: Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Article 2 paragraph 1 of the Berne Convention (World Intellectual Property Organization 1979a) declares that "the expression 'literary and artistic works' shall include every production in the literary, scientific and artistic domain, whatever may be the mode or form of its expression, such as books, pamphlets and other writings; (...) works of drawing, painting, architecture, sculpture, engraving and lithography; photographic works to which are assimilated works expressed by a process analogous to photography (...)." Member countries of the Berne Convention are therefore obliged to protect illustrations such as "drawings" and other artistic works or "photographic works" by their national copyright law (Masouyé 1981).…”

Section: Copyrightmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Copyright and the Use of Images as Biodiversity Data

Egloff¹,

Agosti²,

Kishor³

et al. 2017

RIO

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Taxonomy is the discipline responsible for charting the world's organismic diversity, understanding ancestor/descendant relationships, and organizing all species according to a unified taxonomic classification system. Taxonomists document the attributes (characters) of organisms, with emphasis on those can be used to distinguish species from each other. Character information is compiled in the scientific literature as text, tables, and images. The information is presented according to conventions that vary among taxonomic domains; such conventions facilitate comparison among similar species, even when descriptions are published by different authors.

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Evolutionary morphology of the male reproductive system, spermatozoa and seminal fluid of spiders (Araneae, Arachnida) – Current knowledge and future directions

Cited by 70 publications

References 147 publications

Comparative study of spinning field development in two species of araneophagic spiders (Araneae, Mimetidae, Australomimetus)

Comparative study of spinning field development in two species of araneophagic spiders (Araneae, Mimetidae, Australomimetus)

Fine structural reconstruction on the testicular cyst of the furrow orb weaver,Larinioides cornutusby 3D volume rendering

Copyright and the Use of Images as Biodiversity Data

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