Evolutionary Health Promotion

Eaton, S. Boyd; Strassman, Beverly I.; Nesse, Randolph M.; Neel, James V.; Ewald, Paul W.; Williams, George C.; Weder, Alan B.; Lindeberg, Staffan; Konner, Melvin; Mysterud, Iver; Cordain, Loren

doi:10.1006/pmed.2001.0876

Cited by 202 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Only subjects in the Palaeolithic group were educated in the concept of evolutionary health promotion [33] and the potential benefits of a Palaeolithic diet. They were advised to increase their intake of lean meat, fish, fruits and vegetables and to avoid all kinds of dairy products, cereals (including rice), beans, sugar, bakery products, soft drinks and beer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Palaeolithic diet improves glucose tolerance more than a Mediterranean-like diet in individuals with ischaemic heart disease

et al. 2007

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Aims/hypothesis Most studies of diet in glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes have focused on intakes of fat, carbohydrate, fibre, fruits and vegetables. Instead, we aimed to compare diets that were available during human evolution with more recently introduced ones. Methods Twenty-nine patients with ischaemic heart disease plus either glucose intolerance or type 2 diabetes were randomised to receive (1) a Palaeolithic ('Old Stone Age') diet (n=14), based on lean meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, root vegetables, eggs and nuts; or (2) a Consensus (Mediterranean-like) diet (n=15), based on whole grains, low-fat dairy products, vegetables, fruits, fish, oils and margarines. Primary outcome variables were changes in weight, waist circumference and plasma glucose AUC (AUC Glucose 0-120 ) and plasma insulin AUC (AUC Insulin 0-120 ) in OGTTs. Results Over 12 weeks, there was a 26% decrease of AUC Glucose 0-120 (p=0.0001) in the Palaeolithic group and a 7% decrease (p=0.08) in the Consensus group. The larger (p= 0.001) improvement in the Palaeolithic group was independent (p=0.0008) of change in waist circumference (−5.6 cm in the Palaeolithic group, −2.9 cm in the Consensus group; p=0.03). In the study population as a whole, there was no relationship between change in AUC Glucose 0-120 and changes in weight (r=−0.06, p=0.9) or waist circumference (r=0.01, p=1.0). There was a tendency for a larger decrease of AUC Insulin 0-120 in the Palaeolithic group, but because of the strong association between change in AUC Insulin 0-120 and change in waist circumference (r=0.64, p=0.0003), this did not remain after multivariate analysis. Conclusions/interpretation A Palaeolithic diet may improve glucose tolerance independently of decreased waist circumference.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Palaeolithic diet improves glucose tolerance more than a Mediterranean-like diet in individuals with ischaemic heart disease

et al. 2007

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“…However, modern man is not evolutionarily prepared for a sedentary existence (5) , 'resembling Stone Age hunter-gatherers displaced through time to a world that differs from that for which the genetic Proceedings of the Nutrition Society constitution was selected' (6) . This mismatch between biology and lifestyle fosters the development of degenerative diseases (4) , with CVD being a prime example.…”

Section: Physical Activity: Exercise Guidelines: Public Health Physicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Session 1: Public health nutrition Physical activity prescription for public health

2009

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The increased prevalence of CVD deaths in the past 60 years is a result in considerable part of the influence of environmental and lifestyle changes, including decreased daily energy expenditure through physical exertion. Physical activity prescription has therefore become an important public health issue. Exercise guidelines have evolved considerably since their first publication by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) in 1978. Guidelines initially focused on moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercise to develop and maintain cardiorespiratory fitness. However, in the face of escalating physical inactivity, public health agencies sought to develop an exercise prescription more palatable to the sedentary majority and in 1995 recommended the accumulation of 30 min moderate-intensity exercise on most days of the week. The unexpected result of this message was that some individuals believed that vigorous exercise was not necessary, whilst others believed that low levels of physical activity were sufficient. In 2008 the ACSM and the American Heart Association sought to clarify this position and published an updated recommendation in which: the beneficial role of vigorous-intensity exercise is explicitly stated; adults are encouraged to combine moderate- and vigorous-intensity exercise to meet the minimum recommendation of moderate-intensity physical activity for a 30 min on 5 d/week or vigorous-intensity aerobic activity for 20 min on 3 d/week; the dose–response relationship between physical activity and health is reinforced. The immense challenge for public health professionals now lies in encouraging the sedentary population to adopt a more active lifestyle.

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“…The discrepancy between the modern environment and the human EEA serves as the theoretical foundation for understanding the ultimate aetiology of chronic diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis and depression [10][11][12]. They are commonly called 'diseases of modernity'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hunters in a FarmerÃ¢ÂÂs World: ADHD and Hunter Gatherers

Dein¹

2015

Anthropol

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Evolutionary Health Promotion

Cited by 202 publications

References 101 publications

A Palaeolithic diet improves glucose tolerance more than a Mediterranean-like diet in individuals with ischaemic heart disease

A Palaeolithic diet improves glucose tolerance more than a Mediterranean-like diet in individuals with ischaemic heart disease

Session 1: Public health nutrition Physical activity prescription for public health

Hunters in a FarmerÃ¢ÂÂs World: ADHD and Hunter Gatherers

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Evolutionary Health Promotion

Cited by 202 publications

References 101 publications

A Palaeolithic diet improves glucose tolerance more than a Mediterranean-like diet in individuals with ischaemic heart disease

A Palaeolithic diet improves glucose tolerance more than a Mediterranean-like diet in individuals with ischaemic heart disease

Session 1: Public health nutrition Physical activity prescription for public health

Hunters in a FarmerÃ¢ÂÂs World: ADHD and Hunter Gatherers

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Hunters in a FarmerÃ¢ÂÂs World: ADHD and Hunter Gatherers