Evolutionary ecology of resistance to herbivory: an investigation of potential genetic constraints in the multiple‐herbivore community of <i>Solanum carolinense</i>

Wise, Michael J.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02143.x

Cited by 41 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…The data analyzed in this article came from the same experiment described in Wise (2003Wise ( , 2007a, and readers may consult those papers for further experimental detail. The study involved measuring herbivore damage on 960 transplanted horsenettle ramets (stems) in an experimental population in 2001 at Blandy Experimental Farm in Clarke County, Virginia, USA (39°N 78°W).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This study focused on 11 of the most damaging species, which included one mammal (the meadow vole) and 10 insects from four taxonomic orders (Table 1). Details on the natural history of the herbivores and methods for damage assessment can be found in Wise (2003Wise ( , 2007b. Importantly, each species produces a unique damage pattern that can be used to identify its feeding well after the herbivores are gone.…”

Section: Study Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Progress in illuminating the evolutionary dynamics of resistance to multiple herbivores has been accomplished in several plant species using the phenotypic or genotypic selection analyses described by Lande and Arnold (1983) and Rausher (1992): (e.g., Rausher and Simms 1989;Núñez-Farfán and Dirzo 1994;Mauricio and Rausher 1997;Juenger and Bergelson 1998;Stinchcombe and Rausher 2001;Wise 2003). In such analyses, multiple regressions generate selection gradients, which quantify the direction and strength of natural selection acting directly on resistance to each herbivore, independent of damage by other herbivores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Competition among herbivores of Solanum carolinense as a constraint on the evolution of host-plant resistance

Wise

2007

Evol Ecol

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Interspecific competition (or facilitation) between herbivores sharing a host plant species can result in negative (or positive) correlations in damage levels, independent of a plant's genetic covariance in resistance to the herbivores. Just like genetic correlations in resistance to herbivory, these ''environmental correlations'' in damage may affect the evolution of resistance in the host plant. In a field study of 960 ramets and 40 genets of the herbaceous plant Solanum carolinense, I looked for evidence of such environmental correlations in damage caused by 11 species of herbivores, including 10 insects and 1 mammal. There were 28 significant correlations in damage levels between species (21 negative and 7 positive) after plant genetic influences on resistance were statistically removed. Negative environmental correlations were more likely between species that fed upon the same type of plant organs than between those that fed on different types of organs, and the magnitudes of the correlations were inversely proportional to the abundance of the organ types. Taken together, these results offer strong evidence that competition is largely responsible for the pattern of environmental correlations in damage. Environmental correlations were just as common as genetic correlations in resistance, but the environmental correlations tended to be lower in magnitude, were more likely to be negative, and were more evenly spread out among the herbivore community than the genetic correlations. Damage levels by all 11 species were negatively correlated with damage by at least one other species. Thus the selective advantage a plant would receive from increased resistance any of these herbivores would be partially negated by increased damage by competing herbivores. As a result, competition has the potential to be an important constraint on the evolution of resistance in S. carolinense.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Study Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Competition among herbivores of Solanum carolinense as a constraint on the evolution of host-plant resistance

Wise

2007

Evol Ecol

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“…These findings have spurred an interest in possible constraints on the evolution of defence (e.g. Stevens et al 2007;Wise 2007;Baucom and Mauricio 2008;Ivey et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cost of trichome production and resistance to a specialist insect herbivore in Arabidopsis lyrata

Sletvold

Huttunen²,

Handley

et al. 2010

Evol Ecol

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Theory predicts that trade-offs between resistance to herbivory and other traits positively affecting fitness can maintain genetic variation in resistance within plant populations. In the perennial herb Arabidopsis lyrata, trichome production is a resistance trait that exhibits both qualitative and quantitative variation. Using a paternal half-sib design, we conducted two greenhouse experiments to ask whether trichomes confer resistance to oviposition and leaf herbivory by the specialist moth Plutella xylostella, and to examine potential genetic constraints on evolution of increased resistance and trichome density. In addition, we examined whether trichome production is induced by insect herbivory. We found strong positive genetic and phenotypic correlations between leaf trichome density and resistance to leaf herbivory, demonstrating that the production of leaf trichomes increases resistance to leaf damage by P. xylostella. Also resistance to oviposition tended to increase with increasing leaf trichome density, but genetic and phenotypic correlations were not statistically significant. Trichome density and resistance to leaf herbivory were negatively correlated genetically with plant size in the absence of herbivores, but not in the presence of herbivores. There was no evidence of increased trichome production after leaf damage by P. xylostella. The results suggest that trichome production and resistance to leaf herbivory are associated with a cost and that the direction of selection on resistance and trichome density depends on the intensity of herbivory.

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“…A number of earlier studies have contributed toward our understanding of genetic variation and constraints in herbivore defense by using clonal (Marquis, 1990;Wise, 2007) or half-sib (Maddox and Root, 1987;Fornoni et al, 2003) experimental designs (reviewed in Berenbaum and Zangerl, 1992;Kennedy and Barbour, 1992). These approaches, however, cannot partition genetic variation from most nonadditive sources, such as epistatic or dominance variation, or non-nuclear parental effects (Lynch and Walsh, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation and constraints on the evolution of defense against spittlebug (Philaenus spumarius) herbivory in Mimulus guttatus

Ivey

Carr²,

Eubanks

2008

Heredity

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Plants mediate carbon into most ecosystems and are thus under persistent attack by diverse enemies. The evolution of defense against such assaults will depend on the availability of genetic variation, as well as the costs and constraints on defense. We estimated the magnitude of genetic variation for defense against spittlebug (Philaenus spumarius) herbivory in Mimulus guttatus using a diallel cross-grown in a greenhouse. Except for flowering time, additive genetic variation for the plant traits we measured was negligible, regardless of herbivory environment. In contrast, nonadditive genetic variation contributed significantly to all plant traits measured. We found significant additive genetic variation among plants for biomass of adult spittlebugs, suggesting heritability for resistance to herbivory. The other putative resistance trait measured, spittlebug maturation time, was not significantly heritable. We found no evidence for significant genetic variation for tolerance to herbivory except for a small nonnuclear paternal contribution to tolerance for flower number. Additive genetic correlations indicated that more resistant plant genotypes (in terms of adult spittlebug biomass) were also smaller in the absence of spittlebugs, suggesting a potential cost of resistance to herbivory. We found no other significant genetic correlations indicating a cost of defense, nor did we find evidence for a tradeoff between resistance and tolerance to herbivory. Overall, these results suggest the future adaptive evolution of tolerance to spittlebugs in this population will be limited primarily by available genetic variation, whereas the future evolution of antibiosis resistance may be constrained by allocation costs of resistance.

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Evolutionary ecology of resistance to herbivory: an investigation of potential genetic constraints in the multiple‐herbivore community of Solanum carolinense

Cited by 41 publications

References 54 publications

Competition among herbivores of Solanum carolinense as a constraint on the evolution of host-plant resistance

Competition among herbivores of Solanum carolinense as a constraint on the evolution of host-plant resistance

Cost of trichome production and resistance to a specialist insect herbivore in Arabidopsis lyrata

Genetic variation and constraints on the evolution of defense against spittlebug (Philaenus spumarius) herbivory in Mimulus guttatus

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