Evolutionary ecology of fire-adaptive traits in a Mediterranean pine species

Abstract

Resumen 3.4.1.1. Site effect on tree growth, survival and reproduction 3.4.1.2. Plastic, allometric and genetic effects on cone serotiny and canopy cone bank 3.4.2. Maintenance costs of serotiny (Study II) 3.4.2.1. Cone-opening laboratory screening experiment  Plant material and protocol   Data analysis  3.4.2.2. Manipulating water availability of serotinous cones ex situ  Plant material and protocol   Data analysis  3.4.2.3. Manipulating tree to cone physical connection in situ  Plant material and protocol   Data analysis  3.4.3. Bark absolute thickness and bark allocation variation among sites and populations (Study III) 3.4.3.1. Plastic and genetic effects on bark thickness at breast and basal height 3.4.3.2. Relationship of bark thickness with seed source environment 3.4.3.3. Allometric, plastic and genetic effects on bark allocation 3.4.4. Adaptive variation in P. halepensis: population differentiation and phenotypic integration (Study IV) 3.4.4.1. Trait trade-offs 3.4.4.2. Trait-environment associations 3.4.4.3. Quantitative genetic differentiation 3.4.4.4. Neutral vs. Adaptive differentiation 4. Results 4.1. Variation of serotiny degree and aerial seedbank among sites and populations (Study I) 4.1.1. Site effect on tree growth, survival and reproduction 4.1.2. Plastic and allometric effects on cone serotiny 4.1.3. Population effects and interactions with site and size on cone serotiny 4.1.4. Population x site effects on the canopy cone bank 4.2. Maintenance costs of serotiny (Study II) 4.2.1. Physiological condition of serotinous cone peduncle in Pinus halepensis 4.2.2. Cone-opening laboratory screening experiment 4.2.3. Manipulating water availability of serotinous cones ex situ 4.2.4. Manipulating tree to cone physical connection in situ 4 4.3. Bark absolute thickness and bark allocation variation among sites and populations (Study III) 4.3.1. Plastic and genetic effects on bark thickness at breast and basal height 4.3.2. Relationship of bark thickness with seed source environment 4.3.3. Allometric, plastic and genetic effects on bark allocation 4.4. Adaptive variation in P.

How Does Water Availability Affect the Allocation to Bark in a Mediterranean Conifer?

“…Parallel analysis associated with PCA for environmental variables at the populations’ origins revealed two principal components (variance explained: PC1 = 45%, PC2 = 36%; Martín-Sanz, 2018). Considering loadings above 0.80, the first principal component was positively related to spring and summer rainfalls, as well as to the precipitation of the driest month.…”

“…Our point is that allometry of bark allocation should be rather assessed through variables that are as-close-as-possible to the biomass of bark and sapwood (the functional part of the trunk). Therefore, focusing purely on the allometry of bark allocation, we looked at the allometric relationship between bark and sapwood volumes, basing the analysis on the relationship of percentage of bark volume and total volume from tree base to breast height (Martín-Sanz, 2018). Our sampled trees did not contain any heartwood (see Appendix A and Supplementary Figure A.1), so total volume is bark and sapwood (functional xylem) volumes.…”