Evolutionary dynamics of olfactory receptor genes in<i>Drosophila</i>species

Nozawa, Masahiro; Nei, Masatoshi

doi:10.1073/pnas.0702133104

Cited by 112 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This observation suggests that the more gene duplications occur, the more IGHV pseudogenes are generated in the IGHV multigene family. Previously, Nei and coworkers (Nei et al 1997;Nei and Hughes 1992;Nei and Rooney 2005;Nozawa and Nei 2007) showed that in many multigene families, gene duplication often occurs, but because of deleterious mutations, many duplicate genes become nonfunctional and either stay in the genome as pseudogenes or are gradually eliminated from the genome by unequal crossing over. Although the number of deleted IGHV pseudogenes cannot be assessed easily, our results suggest that throughout IGHV evolution, the numbers of functional and nonfunctional genes are maintained by birth-and-death evolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary dynamics of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes in vertebrates

et al. 2008

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Immunoglobulin heavy chains are polypeptides encoded by four genes: variable (IGHV), joining (IGHJ), diversity (IGHD), and constant (IGHC) region genes. The number of IGHV genes varies from species to species. To understand the evolution of the IGHV multigene family, we identified and analyzed the IGHV sequences from 16 vertebrate species. The results show that the numbers of functional and nonfunctional IGHV genes among different species are positively correlated. The number of IGHV genes is relatively stable in teleosts, but the intragenomic sequence variation is generally higher in teleosts than in tetrapods. The IGHV genes in tetrapods can be classified into three phylogenetic clans (I, II, and III). The clan III and/or II genes are relatively abundant, whereas clan I genes exist in small numbers or are absent in most species. The genomic organization of clan I, II, and III IGHV genes varies considerably among species, but the entire IGHV locus seems to be conserved in the subtelomeric or near-centromeric region of chromosome. The presence or absence of specific IGHV clan members and the lineage-specific expansion and contraction of IGHV genes indicate that the IGHV locus continues to evolve in a species-specific manner. Our results suggest that the evolution of IGHV multigene family is more complex than previously thought and that several factors may act synergistically for the development of antibody repertoire.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary dynamics of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes in vertebrates

et al. 2008

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“…Putative functional and nonfunctional members of these families in the 12 genomes have been comprehensively identified by sequence similarity algorithms (Guo and Kim, 2007;Nozawa and Nei, 2007;Vieira et al, 2007;Gardiner et al, 2008). In some cases, the uncovered genome sequence has been confirmed by DNA re-sequencing (for example, McBride and Arguello, 2007).…”

Section: Genomic Organisation and Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular evolution of the major chemosensory gene families in insects

2009

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Chemoreception is a crucial biological process that is essential for the survival of animals. In insects, olfaction allows the organism to recognise volatile cues that allow the detection of food, predators and mates, whereas the sense of taste commonly allows the discrimination of soluble stimulants that elicit feeding behaviours and can also initiate innate sexual and reproductive responses. The most important proteins involved in the recognition of chemical cues comprise moderately sized multigene families. These families include odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs), which are involved in peripheral olfactory processing, and the chemoreceptor superfamily formed by the olfactory receptor (OR) and gustatory receptor (GR) families. Here, we review some recent evolutionary genomic studies of chemosensory gene families using the data from fully sequenced insect genomes, especially from the 12 newly available Drosophila genomes. Overall, the results clearly support the birth-and-death model as the major mechanism of evolution in these gene families. Namely, new members arise by tandem gene duplication, progressively diverge in sequence and function, and can eventually be lost from the genome by a deletion or pseudogenisation event. Adaptive changes fostered by environmental shifts are also observed in the evolution of chemosensory families in insects and likely involve reproductive, ecological or behavioural traits. Consequently, the current size of these gene families is mainly a result of random gene gain and loss events. This dynamic process may represent a major source of genetic variation, providing opportunities for FUTURE specific adaptations.

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“…Candidate-gene approach to chemosensory speciation: Since the identification of the chemoreceptor gene repertoire of D. melanogaster (Robertson et al, 2003), several studies have exploited this new opportunity to decipher the molecular and physiological basis of signal integration (for example, Dekker et al, 2006;Kurtovic et al, 2007) and the evolutionary dynamics of chemoreceptor genes (Guo and Kim, 2007;Nozawa and Nei, 2007;Tunstall et al, 2007). It is likely that the genes underlying chemosensory habitat and mate preferences that cause premating isolation are to be found among these chemoreceptor-encoding and chemoreceptor-related genes.…”

Section: Genetics Of Divergence In Chemosensory Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the scent of speciation: the chemosensory system and its role in premating isolation

2008

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Chemosensory speciation is characterized by the evolution of barriers to genetic exchange that involve chemosensory systems and chemical signals. Here, we review some representative studies documenting chemosensory speciation in an attempt to evaluate the importance and the different aspects of the process in nature and to gain insights into the genetic basis and the evolutionary mechanisms of chemosensory trait divergence. Although most studies of chemosensory speciation concern sexual isolation mediated by pheromone divergence, especially in Drosophila and moth species, other chemically based behaviours (habitat choice, pollinator attraction) can also play an important role in speciation and are likely to do so in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species. Adaptive divergence of chemosensory traits in response to factors such as pollinators, hosts and conspecifics commonly drives the evolution of chemical prezygotic barriers. Although the genetic basis of chemosensory speciation remains largely unknown, genomic approaches to chemosensory gene families and to enzymes involved in biosynthetic pathways of signal compounds now provide new opportunities to dissect the genetic basis of these complex traits and of their divergence among taxa.

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Evolutionary dynamics of olfactory receptor genes inDrosophilaspecies

Cited by 112 publications

References 36 publications

Evolutionary dynamics of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes in vertebrates

Evolutionary dynamics of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region genes in vertebrates

Molecular evolution of the major chemosensory gene families in insects

On the scent of speciation: the chemosensory system and its role in premating isolation

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